Results 61 to 70 of about 18,474 (175)

Orphan Toxin OrtT (YdcX) of Escherichia coli Reduces Growth during the Stringent Response

Toxins, 2015
Toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems are nearly universal in prokaryotes; toxins are paired with antitoxins which inactivate them until the toxins are utilized. Here we explore whether toxins may function alone; i.e., whether a toxin which lacks a corresponding ...
Sabina Islam, Michael J. Benedik, Thomas K. Wood   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Chemical Optimization of Temporin A–L Peptides: From Native Isoforms to Enhanced Antimicrobial Analogs

ChemMedChem, Volume 21, Issue 15, 14 August 2026.
Temporins, among antimicrobial peptides, are short frog‐derived molecules with potent antibacterial activity. This review highlights chemical optimization strategies applied to temporins A–L, showing how sequence tuning modulates structure, stability, and selectivity, enabling improved activity against resistant pathogens.
Ida Boccino, Paolo Grieco, Francesco Merlino   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

RHS-elements function as type II toxin-antitoxin modules that regulate intra-macrophage replication of Salmonella Typhimurium.

PLoS Genetics, 2020
RHS elements are components of conserved toxin-delivery systems, wide-spread within the bacterial kingdom and some of the most positively selected genes known. However, very little is known about how Rhs toxins affect bacterial biology.
Magnus Stårsta, Disa L Hammarlöf, Marcus Wäneskog, Susan Schlegel, Feifei Xu, Arvid Heden Gynnå, Malin Borg, Sten Herschend, Sanna Koskiniemi   +8 more
doaj   +1 more source

Ser/Thr phosphorylation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis type II RelK toxin by PknK destabilizes TA interaction and interferes with toxin neutralization

mBio
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules represent genetic elements implicated in bacterial persistence. Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes 90+ TA modules, the majority of which are type II, comprising of a toxin component and an antitoxin counterpart that ...
Shafinaz Rahman Sarah, Abhishek Garg, Sadiyah Afroz, Shaleen Korch, Arjun Ray, Amita Gupta, Vandana Malhotra   +6 more
doaj   +1 more source

Recent Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Anti‐Phage Defence Systems

Microbial Biotechnology, Volume 19, Issue 8, August 2026.
Panoptes as an example for an antiphage system consists of OptS producing a cyclic dinucleotide that prevents activation of OptE, a transmembrane protein. Phage T4 infection introduces the sponge protein Acb2 that adsorbs the cyclic dinucleotide thus activating OptE which disrupts the cell membrane aborting phage infection.
Harald Brüssow
wiley   +1 more source

Toxin–antitoxin systems: reversible toxicity

Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2017
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems encoded on the plasmids and chromosomes of bacteria are emerging as key players in stress adaptation. In particular, they have been implicated in the induction of persisters non-growing cells that can evade antibiotic exposure.
Hall, A, Gollan, B, Helaine, S
openaire   +3 more sources

Potential role of a CRISPR-Cas-activated toxin-antitoxin system in bacterial immunity

Nature Communications
CRISPR-Cas and toxin-antitoxin systems can serve as antiviral defense mechanisms in prokaryotes. In typical toxin-antitoxin systems, toxin activation can limit phage propagation by inducing growth arrest or reduced cellular fitness, while the antitoxin ...
Jiyun Chen, Linglong Huang, Hong Chen, Xueyan Li, Xiaofeng Lin, Chenmin Guo, Xi Liu, Guowei Fu, Ying Chen, Liang Liu   +9 more
doaj   +1 more source

CLINICO–Demographic Profile and Outcomes of Hospitalised Children With Diphtheria in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Peshawar

Acta Paediatrica, Volume 115, Issue 8, Page 1646-1653, August 2026.
ABSTRACT Aim To determine the clinico‐demographic profile and predictors of mortality in hospitalised children with diphtheria. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 202 children aged 5–16 years diagnosed with diphtheria per WHO criteria at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from January 2023 to December 2024. Data on demographics, vaccination
Amir Muhammad, Ashfaq Ahmed, Waqas Naseem, Ale Azad Othman, Mohsin Hassan, Lyaba Atta, Muhammad Tahir   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

AAU-Specific RNA Cleavage Mediated by MazF Toxin Endoribonuclease Conserved in Nitrosomonas europaea

Toxins, 2016
Nitrosomonas europaea carries numerous toxin-antitoxin systems. However, despite the abundant representation in its chromosome, studies have not surveyed the underlying molecular functions in detail, and their biological roles remain enigmatic.
Tatsuki Miyamoto, Akiko Yokota, Satoshi Tsuneda, Naohiro Noda   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Evaluating the Potential for Cross-Interactions of Antitoxins in Type II TA Systems

Toxins, 2020
The diversity of Type-II toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems in bacterial genomes requires tightly controlled interaction specificity to ensure protection of the cell, and potentially to limit cross-talk between toxin–antitoxin pairs of the same family of TA ...
Chih-Han Tu, Michelle Holt, Shengfeng Ruan, Christina Bourne   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source