Results 91 to 100 of about 45,169 (292)

Placental crises: disruptive selection and maternal under‐investment as the foundations of mammalian placental evolution and dysfunction

Biological Reviews, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Among the vertebrates, mammals are notable for the dominance of live birth and placental nutrition. The structural diversity of the mammalian placenta is remarkable, despite sharing a single common ancestor and conserved physiological functions.
Davis Laundon, Neil J. Gostling, Ian G. Reddin, Bram G. Sengers, Pascale Chavatte‐Palmer, Rohan M. Lewis   +5 more
wiley   +1 more source

Switching to second-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: comparison of programmes with and without viral load monitoring. [PDF]

, 2009
In high-income countries, viral load is routinely measured to detect failure of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and guide switching to second-line ART. Viral load monitoring is not generally available in resource-limited settings. We examined switching from
Boulle, A, Braitstein, P, Brinkhof, Martin, Calmy, A, Dabis, F, Egger, Matthias, Jahn, A, Keiser, O, Keiser, Olivia, Kumarasamy, N, Lüthy, R, MacPhail, P, Nash, D, Pujades-Rodriguez, M, Schechter, M, Sprinz, E, Tuboi, S, Tweya, H, Wood, R   +18 more
core   +4 more sources

Spatial metrics in fire ecology: seeking consistency amidst complexity

Biological Reviews, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Technological advances, including remote sensing, have led to a proliferation of metrics used in ecological studies to examine spatial patterns of fire regimes and their ecological effects. Researchers can use many different metrics to analyse spatial variation in both fire events and resulting fire regimes, including fire size, shape ...
Alexander R. Carey, Geoffrey J. Cary, Teigan Cremona, Hugh F. Davies, Brett P. Murphy, Sam C. Banks   +5 more
wiley   +1 more source

The influence of rivers on seabird foraging ecology

Biological Reviews, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Rivers act as vital arteries to the world's oceans, delivering fresh water and nutrients that sustain marine ecosystems. Globally, river flow increasingly is being altered by climate change and anthropogenic pressures; yet the significance of rivers to predatory marine species, such as seabirds, and the extent to which river‐related changes ...
Julia B. Morais, Andre Chiaradia, Richard D. Reina   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

Early and Highly Suppressive ART are Main Factors Associated with Low Viral Reservoir in European Perinatally HIV Infected Children [PDF]

, 2018
BACKGROUND: Future strategies aiming to achieve HIV-1 remission are likely to target individuals with small reservoir size. SETTING: We retrospectively investigated factors associated with HIV-1 DNA levels in European, perinatally HIV-infected ...
Babiker, Abdel, Chan, Man, Cotugno, Nicola, De Rossi, Anita, Epiical, Consortium, Ferns, Bridget, Fortuny, Claudia, Foster, Caroline, Freguja, Riccardo, Giaquinto, Carlo, Gibb, Diana, Judd, Ali, Klein, Nigel, Mellado, Mar\ueda Jos\ue9, Mu\uf1oz-Fern\ue1ndez, Mar\ueda Angeles, Nastouli, Eleni, Navarro, Mar\ueda Luisa, Noguera-Julian, Antoni, Palma, Paolo, Rojo, Pablo, Rossi, Paolo, Tagarro, Alfredo, Zangari, Paola   +22 more
core   +2 more sources

Prevalence and determinants of virologic failure among HIV patients on ART in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Virology Journal
Background The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has established the 95-95-95 targets, aiming that by 2030, 95% of individuals on ART will achieve viral suppression.
Ayanaw Dinku Abebe, Worku Chekol Tassew, Yeshiwas Ayale Ferede, Jember Ayelgne Beyene, Muluneh Assefa   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Extent, characteristics and policy applications of Key Biodiversity Areas

Biological Reviews, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT A global standard for the identification of Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) was published 10 years ago to provide a unified set of criteria for identifying ‘sites of significance for the global persistence of biodiversity’. We review the initiative's origins, the KBA identification process, characteristics of the current network, threats, policy
Stuart H. M. Butchart, Olivia Crowe, Tom Scott, Andrew J. Plumptre, Megan Eldred, Ellen McKee, Zoltan Waliczky, Ibrahim Al Hasani, Adrián B. Azpiroz, Daniele Baisero, Fred Barasa, Alison E. Beresford, Bezeng S. Bezeng, Charlotte Boyd, Thomas M. Brooks, Graeme Buchanan, Gill Bunting, Sofia Capellan, Neil Cox, Tim R. B. Davenport, Tammy E. Davies, Gina Della Togna, Wendy Elliott, Matt Foster, Jo Gilbert, Jonathan M. Handley, Diego Juffe‐Bignoli, Victoria R. Jones, Naomi Kingston, Jeannot Kivono, John Lamoreux, Penny F. Langhammer, James Lewis, Bruce Liggitt, Daniel Marnewick, Paul Matiku, Erin McCreless, Rachel A. Neugarten, Catherine Numa, Mark O'Brien, Madhu Rao, Ciara Raudsepp‐Hearne, Justina C. Ray, Samridhi Rijal, Jon Paul Rodríguez, Jurgis Sapijanskas, Wes Sechrest, Martin Sneary, Andrew Snyder, Konstantina Spiliopoulou, Thomas Starnes, Cecilia Tobar, Gautam Surya, Marcelo F. Tognelli, Andrew W. Tordoff, Maria G. Toscano, Yongyut Trisurat, Amy Upgren   +57 more
wiley   +1 more source

Modeling long-term longitudinal HIV dynamics with application to an AIDS clinical study

, 2009
A virologic marker, the number of HIV RNA copies or viral load, is currently used to evaluate antiretroviral (ARV) therapies in AIDS clinical trials. This marker can be used to assess the ARV potency of therapies, but is easily affected by drug exposures,
Huang, Yangxin, Lu, Tao
core   +1 more source

Diet of bird‐like troodontid dinosaurs: synthesis of a contentious clade

Biological Reviews, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Troodontidae is a clade of small‐to medium‐sized maniraptoran theropods that mainly lived in Laurasia (modern Asia, North America and Europe) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods and are believed to have had a variety of diets. The uniqueness of troodontid teeth suggests that they diverged from the typical flesh‐based diet of non‐avian ...
Yui Chi Fan, Case Vincent Miller, Michael Pittman   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

Incidence and predictors of virological failure among children receiving first-line anti-retroviral treatment in public comprehensive specialized hospitals found in Northeast Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study

Frontiers in Pediatrics
BackgroundDespite anti-retroviral treatment coverage in resource-limited countries being highly appreciated, the occurrence of first-line virological failure remains a priority agenda.
Estifanos Belay Abebe, Meseret Ekubay Gebregeorgis, Fuad Ahmed Seid, Alemu Birara Zemariam, Tadesse Mamo Dejene, Seteamlak Adane Masresha   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source