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Hepatitis B virus replication [PDF]
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2007 Hepadnaviruses, including human hepatitis B virus (HBV), replicate through reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate, the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA). Despite this kinship to retroviruses, there are fundamental differences beyond the fact that hepadnavirions contain DNA instead of RNA.
Juergen, Beck, Michael, Nassal
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, 2017 The replication processes used by individual viruses is highly variable. However, all viruses must attach to a susceptible host cell, enter the cell, disassemble the virus particle (uncoating), replicate its own genetic material and express the associated proteins, assemble new virus particles, and escape from the infected cell (release).
Burrell, Christopher J. +2 more
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mBio, 2021 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag selects and packages the HIV RNA genome during virus assembly. However, HIV-1 RNA constitutes only a small fraction of the cellular RNA.
Alice Duchon +9 more
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Hepatitis E Virus Replication [PDF]
Viruses, 2019 Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a small quasi-enveloped, (+)-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Hepeviridae family. There are at least 20 million HEV infections annually and 60,000 HEV-related deaths worldwide. HEV can cause up to 30% mortality in pregnant women and progress to liver cirrhosis in immunocompromised individuals and is ...
Robert LeDesma +2 more
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Viruses, 2018 Tetherin is an interferon-inducible antiviral protein that inhibits the release of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses by retaining virions at the surface of infected cells.
Abdul A. Waheed +3 more
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Junín Virus Pathogenesis and Virus Replication [PDF]
Viruses, 2012 Junín virus, the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, causes significant morbidity and mortality. The virus is spread through the aerosolization of host rodent excreta and endemic to the humid pampas of Argentina. Recently, significant progress has been achieved with the development of new technologies (e.g.
Olga Kolokoltsova +6 more
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HIV Infected T Cells Can Proliferate in vivo Without Inducing Expression of the Integrated Provirus
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019 BackgroundHIV-1 proviruses can persist during ART in clonally-expanded populations of CD4+ T cells. To date, few examples of an expanded clones containing replication-competent proviruses exist, although it is suspected to be common.
Andrew Musick +18 more
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Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 2019 Replication and amplification of the viral genome is a key process for all viruses. For hepatitis C virus (HCV), a positive-strand RNA virus, amplification of the viral genome requires the synthesis of a negative-sense RNA template, which is in turn used for the production of new genomic RNA. This process is governed by numerous proteins, both host and
Keisuke, Tabata +2 more
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RNA Granules in Antiviral Innate Immunity: A Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Journey
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022 RNA granules are cytoplasmic, non-membranous ribonucleoprotein compartments that form ubiquitously and are often referred to as foci for post-transcriptional gene regulation.
Nishi R. Sharma, Zhi-Ming Zheng
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CpG Methylation Profiles of HIV-1 Proviral DNA in Individuals on ART
Viruses, 2021 The latent HIV-1 reservoir is comprised of stably integrated and intact proviruses with limited to no viral transcription. It has been proposed that latent infection may be maintained by methylation of pro-viral DNA.
Valerie F. Boltz +11 more
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