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Seminars in Cancer Biology, 2020
Macroautophagy (herein autophagy) is an intracellular pathway in which cytoplasmic components are captured by double-membrane vesicles (autophagosomes) that eventually fuse with lysosomes to degrade the cargo. Basal levels of autophagy in all eukaryotic cells maintain cellular homeostasis and under conditions of stress, organelles and proteins not ...
Veena Ammanathan +2 more
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Macroautophagy (herein autophagy) is an intracellular pathway in which cytoplasmic components are captured by double-membrane vesicles (autophagosomes) that eventually fuse with lysosomes to degrade the cargo. Basal levels of autophagy in all eukaryotic cells maintain cellular homeostasis and under conditions of stress, organelles and proteins not ...
Veena Ammanathan +2 more
exaly +3 more sources
Xenophagy in innate immunity: A battle between host and pathogen
Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2020Autophagy is a fundamental bulk intracellular degradation and recycling process that directly eliminates intracellular microorganisms through "xenophagy" in various types of cells, especially in macrophages. Meanwhile, bacteria have evolved strategies and cellular self-defense mechanisms to prevent autophagosomal degradation and even attack the immune ...
Chenghua Li
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The interplay between selective types of (macro)autophagy: Mitophagy and xenophagy
International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2023Autophagy is a physiological response, activated by a myriad of endogenous and exogenous cues, including DNA damage, perturbation of proteostasis, depletion of nutrients or oxygen and pathogen infection. Upon sensing those stimuli, cells employ multiple non-selective and selective autophagy pathways to promote fitness and survival.
TERESA Rubio-Tomás +1 more
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A Bacterial Effector Reveals the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 Axis that Initiates Xenophagy [PDF]
Cell, 2019 Antibacterial autophagy (xenophagy) is an important host defense, but how it is initiated is unclear. Here, we performed a bacterial transposon screen and identified a T3SS effector SopF that potently blocked Salmonella autophagy. SopF was a general xenophagy inhibitor without affecting canonical autophagy. S. Typhimurium ΔsopF resembled S.
Yue Xu, Sen Cheng, Qiuhe Lu
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Dissection of the role of p62/Sqstm1 in activation of Nrf2 during xenophagy [PDF]
FEBS Letters, 2014 Upon infection of a cell by Salmonella, p62/Sqstm1 assembles on the microbes; simultaneously, p62/Sqstm1 is phosphorylated at Ser351, leading to inactivation of Keap1, which is responsible for degrading Nrf2. Thus, cytoprotective Nrf2 targets are induced at the same time that autophagosomes entrap the microbes (xenophagy). However, the detailed role of
, Masaaki Komatsu
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Tug of War in the Xenophagy World
Trends in Cell Biology, 2019Xenophagy, the process of eliminating intracellular pathogens through the autophagy machinery, is an important defense mechanism against infectious disease, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent work (Xu et al., Cell, 2019) used the discovery of an inhibitor of xenophagy, SopF, to identify a SopF-sensitive ...
Kuan Chuan, Pao, Michael, Rape
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Xenophagy: Autophagy in Direct Pathogen Elimination
2016Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway that delivers unwanted cytoplasmic materials to the lysosome for degradation. The degradative autophagy pathway has been shown to play essential roles not only in cellular homeostasis but also in cell-autonomous immune defense against invading pathogens. Recent data further showed that the contribution of
Eun-Kyeong Jo +2 more
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Xenophagy in Helicobacter pylori‐ and Epstein–Barr virus‐induced gastric cancer
The Journal of Pathology, 2014AbstractHelicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) account for roughly 80% and 10%, respectively, of gastric carcinomas worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and intricately regulated cellular process that involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles into double‐membrane autophagosomes that eventually fuse with ...
Lin, Zhang +8 more
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Mycoplasma bovis activates apoptotic caspases to suppress xenophagy for its intracellular survival
Veterinary MicrobiologyMammalian caspases are categorized into apoptotic and inflammatory types. Apoptotic caspases mediate apoptosis activation, while inflammatory caspases participate in inflammasome activation. Previous studies have shown that apoptotic caspases regulate autophagy in both cancer and pharmacological treatment models.
Yinjuan Song, Yuefeng Chu
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Unraveling the Intricacies of Xenophagy: Lessons from Legionella pneumophila.
Journal of visualized experiments : JoVEAutophagy, a conserved eukaryotic process for maintaining cellular homeostasis, plays a crucial role in innate immunity by targeting intracellular pathogens through selective autophagy, known as xenophagy. While xenophagy is vital for pathogen clearance, many intracellular bacteria have evolved sophisticated strategies to avoid or subvert this process.
Yuyang, Zhang +3 more
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