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An ‘Alternative’ Pathway of T Cell Activation [PDF]
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 1994 T cell receptor mediated signals in T cell activation determine the specificity, while costimulatory/accessory signals are responsible for functional results of the immune response. Given the large number of accessory receptors in the T cell membrane, there exists a potent instrument to fine-tune immune reactions.
Burkhart Schraven +2 more
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The complement alternative pathway and hemostasis
Immunological Reviews, 2022SummaryThe complement and hemostatic systems are complex systems, and both involve enzymatic cascades, regulators, and cell components—platelets, endothelial cells, and immune cells. The two systems are ancestrally related and are defense mechanisms that limit infection by pathogens and halt bleeding at the site of vascular injury.
Marina Noris, Miriam Galbusera
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Alternative pathway amplification and infections
Immunological Reviews, 2022SummaryThe alternative pathway (AP) is the phylogenetically oldest arm of the complement system and may have evolved to mark pathogens for elimination by phagocytes. Studies using purified AP proteins or AP‐specific serum showed that C3b amplification on bacteria commenced following a lag phase of about 5 min and was highly dependent on the ...
Jutamas Shaughnessy +3 more
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Science, 2004
IMMUNOLOGY Cell-surface receptors in the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family play diverse roles in the lives of T and B lymphocytes, NK cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages.
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IMMUNOLOGY Cell-surface receptors in the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family play diverse roles in the lives of T and B lymphocytes, NK cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages.
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The Complement Alternative Pathway and Preeclampsia
Current Hypertension Reports, 2018Significant and intricate immune adaptations are essential for the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy. Preeclampsia is a morbid, potentially life-threatening disease for both mother and neonate that occurs uniquely in pregnancy, at least in part, due to maternal immune maladaptation.
Layan Alrahmani, Maria Alice V. Willrich
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The Alternative Pathway of Complement Activation
1976Publisher Summary This chapter presents the alternative pathway of complement activation. Two pathways for the recruitment of complement and its biological activities exist in plasma and serum. The first is termed as the “classical pathway,” which is triggered by contact of C1 with immune complexes containing antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG ...
Otto Götze, Hans J. Müller-Eberhard
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2007
There are four members of the mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family (p38α, p38β, p38γ, and p38δ) which are about 60% identical in their amino acid sequence but differ in their expression patterns, substrate specificities, and sensitivities to chemical inhibitors such as SB203580.
Ana Cuenda +3 more
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There are four members of the mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family (p38α, p38β, p38γ, and p38δ) which are about 60% identical in their amino acid sequence but differ in their expression patterns, substrate specificities, and sensitivities to chemical inhibitors such as SB203580.
Ana Cuenda +3 more
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Science, 2011
Biochemistry The low-molecular-weight thiol glutathione (GSH) is essential for growth in eukaryotes and plays a central role in stress responses and the maintenance of redox homeostasis in certain bacteria. Surprisingly, most aerobic bacteria lack the GSH biosynthesis enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GshA), although many have genes encoding proteins ...
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Biochemistry The low-molecular-weight thiol glutathione (GSH) is essential for growth in eukaryotes and plays a central role in stress responses and the maintenance of redox homeostasis in certain bacteria. Surprisingly, most aerobic bacteria lack the GSH biosynthesis enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GshA), although many have genes encoding proteins ...
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Alternative Pathways to Certification
2019This chapter explores the literature on alternative pathways to teacher certification to provide a context for understanding how and why these programs developed and their potential impact on traditional pathways to licensure. A discussion of the different types of alternative certification programs, including graduate-level teacher certification ...
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Alternate interferon signaling pathways
Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2003More than a half a century ago, interferons (IFN) were identified as antiviral cytokines. Since that discovery, IFN have been in the forefront of basic and clinical cytokine research. The pleiotropic nature of these cytokines continues to engage a large number of investigators to define their actions further.
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