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Hepatitis is a complex multifactorial pathological disorder, which can eventually lead to liver failure and even potentially be life threatening. Paeoniflorin-6′-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) has proven to have critical anti-inflammatory effects in ...
Nan Li+11 more
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Background Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors represented by Etanercept (a fusion protein containing soluble TNF receptor II (sTNFRII) and the Fc segment of human IgG1) play a pivotal role in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment.
Yingjie Zhao+9 more
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In essence, the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) plays an antiproliferative role by increasing the intracellular cyclic 3’,5’-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration through Gαs coupling, but interestingly, β2AR antagonists are able to effectively ...
Mingli Ge+11 more
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G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is one of the cytosolic enzymes, and GRK2 translocation induces prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) over-desensitization and reduces the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to regulate macrophage ...
Jiawei Zhang+11 more
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Gα12 and Gα13: Versatility in Physiology and Pathology
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as the largest family of receptors in the human body, are involved in the pathological mechanisms of many diseases.
Paipai Guo+8 more
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Immune-Cell-Based Therapy for COVID-19: Current Status
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. The interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses plays a crucial role in managing COVID-19.
Yiyuan Wang+7 more
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Context Ginsenoside compound K (CK) has anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and myelosuppressive protective effects. Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in combination therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective To evaluate the effects of combination
Jingyu Chen+4 more
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Synovial Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Past, Present, and Future
The ontogeny of macrophages in most organs has already been established. Owing to the limited number and inaccessibility of synovial macrophages (SMs), the origin of SMs has not been fully elucidated.
Jiajie Tu+7 more
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Molecular Mechanisms of T Cells Activation by Dendritic Cells in Autoimmune Diseases
The interaction between T cell and dendritic cells (DCs) that leads to T cell activation affects the progression of the immune response including autoimmune diseases. Antigen presentation on immune cell surface, formation of an immunological synapse (IS),
Yu Tai+5 more
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New insights into the Lck-NF-κB signaling pathway
Lck is essential for the development, activity, and proliferation of T cells, which may contribute to pathological progression and development of human diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and cancers when functioning aberrantly.
Jing Zhang+4 more
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