Mapping replication dynamics in Trypanosoma brucei reveals a link with telomere transcription and antigenic variation [PDF]
eLife, 2016 Survival of Trypanosoma brucei depends upon switches in its protective Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) coat by antigenic variation. VSG switching occurs by frequent homologous recombination, which is thought to require locus-specific initiation. Here,
Rebecca Devlin +8 more
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Antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei: joining the DOTs. [PDF]
PLoS Biology, 2008 African trypanosomes, such as <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>, are protistan parasites that cause sleeping sickness. Though first described more than a century ago, trypanosomes remain a blight on the health of the human population and on the ...
Chris Stockdale +3 more
doaj +5 more sources
Phase and antigenic variation in mycoplasmas [PDF]
, 2010 With their reduced genome bound by a single membrane, bacteria of the Mycoplasma species represent some of the simplest autonomous life forms. Yet, these minute prokaryotes are able to establish persistent infection in a wide range of hosts, even in the ...
Baranowski, Eric +2 more
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Genome hyperevolution and the success of a parasite [PDF]
, 2012 The strategy of antigenic variation is to present a constantly changing population phenotype that enhances parasite transmission, through evasion of immunity arising within, or existing between, host animals.
Barry, J.D. +2 more
core +1 more source
Mini-review: Strategies for Variation and Evolution of Bacterial Antigens
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 2015 Across the eubacteria, antigenic variation has emerged as a strategy to evade host immunity. However, phenotypic variation in some of these antigens also allows the bacteria to exploit variable host niches as well.
Janet Foley
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Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses against Nonpoliovirus Enteroviruses
mBio, 2022 Enteroviruses are among the most common human viral pathogens. Infection with members of a subgroup of viruses within this genus, the nonpoliovirus enteroviruses (NPEVs), can result in a broad spectrum of serious illnesses, including acute flaccid ...
Amy B. Rosenfeld +5 more
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Infections with extracellular trypanosomes require control by efficient innate immune mechanisms and can result in the destruction of the mammalian humoral immune system [PDF]
, 2020 Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular parasites that affect humans, livestock, and game animals around the world. Through co-evolution with the mammalian immune system, trypanosomes have developed defense mechanisms that allow them to thrive in blood,
Magez, Stefan +3 more
core +1 more source
mSphere, 2019 Gene diversification is a common mechanism pathogens use to alter surface structures to aid in immune avoidance. Neisseria gonorrhoeae uses a gene conversion-based diversification system to alter the primary sequence of the gene encoding the major ...
Egon A. Ozer +5 more
doaj +1 more source
Canalization of the evolutionary trajectory of the human influenza virus [PDF]
, 2011 Since its emergence in 1968, influenza A (H3N2) has evolved extensively in genotype and antigenic phenotype. Antigenic evolution occurs in the context of a two-dimensional 'antigenic map', while genetic evolution shows a characteristic ladder-like ...
A Kucharski +43 more
core +5 more sources
Mosaic VSGs and the scale of Trypanosoma brucei antigenic variation.
PLoS Pathogens, 2013 A main determinant of prolonged Trypanosoma brucei infection and transmission and success of the parasite is the interplay between host acquired immunity and antigenic variation of the parasite variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat.
James P J Hall +2 more
doaj +1 more source