Mapping replication dynamics in Trypanosoma brucei reveals a link with telomere transcription and antigenic variation [PDF]
eLife, 2016 Survival of Trypanosoma brucei depends upon switches in its protective Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) coat by antigenic variation. VSG switching occurs by frequent homologous recombination, which is thought to require locus-specific initiation. Here,
Rebecca Devlin +8 more
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Antigenic Relationships among Human Pathogenic Orientia tsutsugamushi Isolates from Thailand. [PDF]
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2016 BackgroundScrub typhus is a common cause of undiagnosed febrile illness in certain tropical regions, but can be easily treated with antibiotics. The causative agent, Orientia tsutsugamushi, is antigenically variable which complicates diagnosis and ...
Sarah L James +6 more
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Infections with extracellular trypanosomes require control by efficient innate immune mechanisms and can result in the destruction of the mammalian humoral immune system [PDF]
, 2020 Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular parasites that affect humans, livestock, and game animals around the world. Through co-evolution with the mammalian immune system, trypanosomes have developed defense mechanisms that allow them to thrive in blood,
Magez, Stefan +3 more
core +1 more source
Phase and antigenic variation in mycoplasmas [PDF]
, 2010 With their reduced genome bound by a single membrane, bacteria of the Mycoplasma species represent some of the simplest autonomous life forms. Yet, these minute prokaryotes are able to establish persistent infection in a wide range of hosts, even in the ...
Baranowski, Eric +2 more
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Antigenic Variation in Vector-Borne Pathogens
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2000 Several pathogens of humans and domestic animals depend on hematophagous arthropods to transmit them from one vertebrate reservoir host to another and maintain them in an environment.
Alan G. Barbour, Blanca I. Restrepo
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Genome hyperevolution and the success of a parasite [PDF]
, 2012 The strategy of antigenic variation is to present a constantly changing population phenotype that enhances parasite transmission, through evasion of immunity arising within, or existing between, host animals.
Barry, J.D. +2 more
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Mini-review: Strategies for Variation and Evolution of Bacterial Antigens
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 2015 Across the eubacteria, antigenic variation has emerged as a strategy to evade host immunity. However, phenotypic variation in some of these antigens also allows the bacteria to exploit variable host niches as well.
Janet Foley
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mSphere, 2019 Gene diversification is a common mechanism pathogens use to alter surface structures to aid in immune avoidance. Neisseria gonorrhoeae uses a gene conversion-based diversification system to alter the primary sequence of the gene encoding the major ...
Egon A. Ozer +5 more
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Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses against Nonpoliovirus Enteroviruses
mBio, 2022 Enteroviruses are among the most common human viral pathogens. Infection with members of a subgroup of viruses within this genus, the nonpoliovirus enteroviruses (NPEVs), can result in a broad spectrum of serious illnesses, including acute flaccid ...
Amy B. Rosenfeld +5 more
doaj +1 more source
Canalization of the evolutionary trajectory of the human influenza virus [PDF]
, 2011 Since its emergence in 1968, influenza A (H3N2) has evolved extensively in genotype and antigenic phenotype. Antigenic evolution occurs in the context of a two-dimensional 'antigenic map', while genetic evolution shows a characteristic ladder-like ...
A Kucharski +43 more
core +5 more sources