Results 31 to 40 of about 19,548 (244)

Botulinum Neurotoxin: The Ugly Duckling [PDF]

European Neurology, 2009
This review presents a brief account of the most significant biological effects and clinical applications of botulinum neurotoxins, in a way comprehensive even for casual readers who are not familiar with the subject. The most toxic known substances in botulinum neurotoxins are polypeptides naturally synthesized by bacteria of the genus <i> ...
openaire   +3 more sources

A pragmatic harm reduction approach to manage a large outbreak of wound botulism in people who inject drugs, Scotland 2015 [PDF]

, 2018
Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are at an increased risk of wound botulism, a potentially fatal acute paralytic illness. During the first 6 months of 2015, a large outbreak of wound botulism was confirmed among PWID in Scotland, which resulted ...
Amanda Weir, Andrew McAuley, CC McGuigan, CN Ramsay, Corinne Amar, D Akbulut, DJ Passaro, E MacDonald, E Tweed, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Gauri Godbole, Gillian Penrice, GY Chang, Health Protection Scotland, Information Services Division (ISD), J McLauchlin, J Sobel, J Strang, JA Jones, JA Stoltz, K Alpers, K Dunleavy, Kathie Grant, Kirsten M. A. Trayner, Kirsty Roy, M Desai, M Harris, M Ragonnet-Cronin, M Schroeter, MG Booth, N Markwick, National Records of Scotland, NE Palmateer, Public Health England, Health Protection Scotland, Public Health Wales, and Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, RJ Gordon, SB Werner, Scottish Government, Scottish Health Protection Network, SJ Hahné, SR Offerman, TN Wenham, VD Hope, VD Hope, Y Soukup-Baljak   +43 more
core   +1 more source

Clostridium botulinum strain Af84 contains three neurotoxin gene clusters: bont/A2, bont/F4 and bont/F5.

PLoS ONE, 2013
Sanger and shotgun sequencing of Clostridium botulinum strain Af84 type Af and its botulinum neurotoxin gene (bont) clusters identified the presence of three bont gene clusters rather than the expected two. The three toxin gene clusters consisted of bont
Nir Dover, Jason R Barash, Karen K Hill, Karen W Davenport, Hazuki Teshima, Gary Xie, Stephen S Arnon   +6 more
doaj   +1 more source

Immunological Characterization and Neutralizing Ability of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Botulinum Neurotoxin Type H. [PDF]

, 2016
BackgroundOnly Clostridium botulinum strain IBCA10-7060 produces the recently described novel botulinum neurotoxin type H (BoNT/H). BoNT/H (N-terminal two-thirds most homologous to BoNT/F and C-terminal one-third most homologous to BoNT/A) requires ...
Arnon, Stephen S, Barash, Jason R, Conrad, Fraser, Fan, Yongfeng, Lou, Jianlong, Marks, James D   +5 more
core   +1 more source

Zebrafish Sensitivity to Botulinum Neurotoxins [PDF]

Toxins, 2016
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) are the most potent known toxins. The mouse LD50 assay is the gold standard for testing BoNT potency, but is not sensitive enough to detect the extremely low levels of neurotoxin that may be present in the serum of sensitive animal species that are showing the effects of BoNT toxicity, such as channel catfish affected by ...
Kamalakar Chatla, Patricia Gaunt, Lora Petrie-Hanson, Lorelei Ford, Larry Hanson   +4 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Structural Basis of Botulinum Toxin Type F Binding to Glycosylated Human SV2A: In Silico Studies at the Periphery of a Lipid Raft

Biomolecules, 2022
Botulinum neurotoxins are the deadliest microbial neurotoxins in humans, with a lethal dose of 1 ng/kg. Incidentally, these neurotoxins are also widely used for medical and cosmetic purposes.
Fodil Azzaz, Didier Hilaire, Jacques Fantini   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Role of Diagnostic Nerve Blocks in the Goal-Oriented Treatment of Spasticity with Botulinum Toxin Type A: A Case–Control Study

Toxins
The goal-setting process is pivotal in managing patients with disabling spasticity. This case–control study assessed the role of diagnostic nerve blocks in guiding the goal-setting process within goal-targeted treatment of spasticity with botulinum ...
Mirko Filippetti, Stefano Tamburin, Rita Di Censo, Martina Adamo, Elisa Manera, Jessica Ingrà, Elisa Mantovani, Salvatore Facciorusso, Marco Battaglia, Alessio Baricich, Andrea Santamato, Nicola Smania, Alessandro Picelli   +12 more
doaj   +1 more source

Cost minimization analysis of BoNT-As in the treatment of upper limb spasticity and cervical dystonia [PDF]

, 2016
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections are recommended for the management of upper limb spasticity (ULS) and cervical dystonia (CD). The main aim of this cost minimization analysis (CMA) was to compare the annual cost per patient for three BoNT-As ...
Bartolomei, Luigi, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Bizzarini, Massimo, Caglioni, Patrizia Maria, Cerbarano, Luana, Frontoni, Marco, Lus, Giacomo, Majorana, Giovanni, Nassetti, Stefania Alessandra, Osio, Maurizio, Ravasio, Roberto, Ravenni, Roberta, Santoro, Antonio, Smania, Nicola, Torlizzi, Flavia, Valvo, Sebastiana Claudia   +15 more
core   +1 more source

Positional Relationship Between the Orbicularis Oculi and Zygomaticus Complex Muscles by Ultrasonography: New Anatomical Insights for Crow's Feet Injection

Clinical Anatomy, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT The orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc) is strongly associated with facial aging as its contraction causes the formation of crow's feet. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection is a representative treatment targeting muscle. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical relationship between the OOc and the zygomaticus complex muscles, and ...
Jiong‐Zhen Piao, Ji‐Hyun Lee, Kyung‐Seok Hu, Hee‐Jin Kim   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Clostridium botulinum Type E Toxins Bind to Caco-2 Cells by a Different Mechanism from That of Type A Toxins [PDF]

, 2012
Cultured Clostridium botulinum strains produce progenitor toxins designated as 12S, 16S, and 19S toxins. The 12S toxin consists of a neurotoxin (NTX, 7S) and a non-toxic non-hemagglutinin (NTNH).
Ma, Shaobo, Nengah Dwi Fatmawati, Ni, Oguma, Keiji, Suzuki, Tomonori, Yamamoto, Yumiko, Yokota, Kenji, Zhang, Kai   +6 more
core   +1 more source