Results 1 to 10 of about 20,701 (223)

Historical Perspectives and Guidelines for Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtype Nomenclature [PDF]

Toxins, 2017
Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin variants are being identified with increasing frequency, which ...
Michael W. Peck, Theresa J. Smith, Fabrizio Anniballi, John W. Austin, Luca Bano, Marite Bradshaw, Paula Cuervo, Luisa W. Cheng, Yagmur Derman, Brigitte G. Dorner, Audrey Fisher, Karen K. Hill, Suzanne R. Kalb, Hannu Korkeala, Miia Lindström, Florigio Lista, Carolina Lúquez, Christelle Mazuet, Marco Pirazzini, Michel R. Popoff, Ornella Rossetto, Andreas Rummel, Dorothea Sesardic, Bal Ram Singh, Sandra C. Stringer   +24 more
doaj   +9 more sources

Anatomical Proposal for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection Targeting the Platysma Muscle for Treating Platysmal Band and Jawline Lifting: A Review

Toxins, 2022
The platysma muscle is a thin superficial muscle that covers the entire neck and lower part of the face. The platysma muscle is the primary target muscle for botulinum neurotoxin injection therapy aimed at treating platysmal band and lower facial lifting.
Kyu-Ho Yi, Ji-Hyun Lee, Kangwoo Lee, Hye-Won Hu, Hyung-Jin Lee, Hee-Jin Kim   +5 more
doaj   +3 more sources

Overview of botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia in soils in France [PDF]

Microbiology Spectrum
Soil is a known reservoir of human pathogens, including botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia. However, the occurrence and distribution of botulinum neurotoxin types in French soils are unknown, prompting this study.
Caroline Le Maréchal, Adeline Huneau, Sébastien Solanas, Amandine Avouac, Léa Jambou, Apolline Roux, Line Boulonne, Sandra Rouxel, Claudy Jolivet, Typhaine Poezevara, Marianne Chemaly, Alain Hartmann   +11 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Intramuscular neural distribution of the soleus for botulinum neurotoxin injection: application to spasticity [PDF]

Scientific Reports
Understanding the nerve distribution within the soleus muscle concerning anatomical landmarks is crucial for botulinum neurotoxin injections in managing spasticity.
Kyu-Ho Yi, Hyewon Hu, Sung-Oh Hwang, Ji-Hyun Lee, Hyung-Jin Lee   +4 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Current status and future directions of botulinum neurotoxins for targeting pain processing. [PDF]

, 2015
Current evidence suggests that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) A1 and B1, given locally into peripheral tissues such as skin, muscles, and joints, alter nociceptive processing otherwise initiated by inflammation or nerve injury in animal models and humans.
Pellett, Sabine, Ramachandran, Roshni, Yaksh, Tony L   +2 more
core   +19 more sources

Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in the Treatment of Facial Seborrhea and Acne: Evidence and a Proposed Mechanism

Toxins, 2021
Intradermal injection of botulinum neurotoxin is a frequently performed procedure in aesthetic dermatology to improve facial skin tone, texture, fine wrinkles, and enlarged pores.
Nark-Kyoung Rho, Young-Chun Gil
doaj   +1 more source

Surface Acoustic Wave Immunosensor for Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin

Sensors, 2023
A Love-type acoustic wave sensor (AT-cut quartz substrate, SiO2 guiding layer) with a center frequency of approximately 120 MHz was used to detect a simulant of pathogenic botulinum neurotoxin type A—recombinant of BoNT-A light chain—in liquid samples ...
Michał Grabka, Krzysztof Jasek, Zygfryd Witkiewicz   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Pan-Genomic Analysis of Clostridium botulinum Group II (Non-Proteolytic C. botulinum) Associated with Foodborne Botulism and Isolated from the Environment

Toxins, 2020
The neurotoxin formed by Clostridium botulinum Group II is a major cause of foodborne botulism, a deadly intoxication. This study aims to understand the genetic diversity and spread of C. botulinum Group II strains and their neurotoxin genes.
Jason Brunt, Arnoud H. M. van Vliet, Sandra C. Stringer, Andrew T. Carter, Miia Lindström, Michael W. Peck   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

Diversity of the Genomes and Neurotoxins of Strains of Clostridium botulinum Group I and Clostridium sporogenes Associated with Foodborne, Infant and Wound Botulism

Toxins, 2020
Clostridium botulinum Group I and Clostridium sporogenes are closely related bacteria responsible for foodborne, infant and wound botulism. A comparative genomic study with 556 highly diverse strains of C. botulinum Group I and C.
Jason Brunt, Arnoud H. M. van Vliet, Andrew T. Carter, Sandra C. Stringer, Corinne Amar, Kathie A. Grant, Gauri Godbole, Michael W. Peck   +7 more
doaj   +1 more source

Therapeutic Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxin for Autonomic Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: An Updated Review

Toxins, 2021
Parkinson’s disease is the most common age-related motoric neurodegenerative disease. In addition to the cardinal motor symptoms of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, there are numerous non-motor symptoms as well.
Steven D. Mitchell, Christos Sidiropoulos   +1 more
doaj   +1 more source