Overview of botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia in soils in France [PDF]
Microbiology SpectrumSoil is a known reservoir of human pathogens, including botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia. However, the occurrence and distribution of botulinum neurotoxin types in French soils are unknown, prompting this study.
Caroline Le Maréchal +11 more
doaj +3 more sources
Conjugative botulinum neurotoxin-encoding plasmids in Clostridium botulinum. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2010 Clostridium botulinum produces seven distinct serotypes of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). The genes encoding different subtype neurotoxins of serotypes A, B, F and several dual neurotoxin-producing strains have been shown to reside on plasmids ...
Kristin M Marshall +2 more
doaj +2 more sources
Recombinant versus native botulinum neurotoxin type A: structural and pharmacodynamic comparison [PDF]
Acta Crystallographica Section F, Volume 82, Issue 11, Page 391-401, November 2026.For the first time, the recombinant core botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) expressed in Escherichia coli and nicked in vitro is shown to be structurally identical to native BoNT/A from Clostridium botulinum, enabling direct activity comparison between the recombinant product and the native toxin.Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are highly potent ...
Zongren Yao +9 more
wiley +2 more sources
Anatomical Proposal for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Glabellar Frown Lines [PDF]
Toxins, 2022 Botulinum neurotoxin injection for treating glabellar frown lines is a commonly used method; however, side effects, such as ptosis and samurai eyebrow, have been reported due to a lack of comprehensive anatomical knowledge.
Kyu-Ho Yi +3 more
doaj +3 more sources
Use of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Ophthalmology
Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi, 2016 Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the first biological toxin used in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases and to decrease skin wrinkles as an aesthetic agent. When used appropriately, it weakens the force of muscular contraction and/or inhibits glandular secretion.
Basar, Emel, Arici, Ceyhun
openaire +4 more sources
A Novel Patient‐Specific Landmark‐Guided Approach for Intramuscular Botulinum Neurotoxin Injections Into the Rotator Cuff: A Cadaveric Study [PDF]
Clinical Anatomy, Volume 39, Issue 8, Page 912-922, November 2026.ABSTRACT Myofascial pain syndrome (MFPS) causes chronic shoulder pain. Supraspinatus and infraspinatus, rotator cuff muscles innervated by the suprascapular nerve, are commonly affected. Intramuscular botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections near motor points (i.e., visible nerve branch entry sites used as a proxy for motor endplates) are an effective ...
Dave Osinachukwu Duru +5 more
wiley +2 more sources
Therapeutic Uses and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin in Orofacial Medicine: A Dental Perspective
ToxinsBotulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the exotoxin of Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium [...]
Kazuya Yoshida, Merete Bakke
doaj +2 more sources
Intramuscular neural distribution of the soleus for botulinum neurotoxin injection: application to spasticity [PDF]
Scientific ReportsUnderstanding the nerve distribution within the soleus muscle concerning anatomical landmarks is crucial for botulinum neurotoxin injections in managing spasticity.
Kyu-Ho Yi +4 more
doaj +2 more sources
Regulatory Networks Controlling Neurotoxin Synthesis in Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani
Toxins, 2022 Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani are Gram-positive, spore-forming, and anaerobic bacteria that produce the most potent neurotoxins, botulinum toxin (BoNT) and tetanus toxin (TeNT), responsible for flaccid and spastic paralysis, respectively ...
Michel R. Popoff, Holger Brüggemann
doaj +1 more source
PLoS Pathogens, 2013 Blocking neurotransmission, botulinum neurotoxin is the most poisonous biological substance known to mankind. Despite its infamy as the scourge of the food industry, the neurotoxin is increasingly used as a pharmaceutical to treat an expanding range of ...
Zhen Zhang +6 more
doaj +1 more source