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Diffusion of Botulinum Toxins [PDF]
Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements, 2012 Background: It is generally agreed that diffusion of botulinum toxin occurs, but the extent of the spread and its clinical importance are disputed.
Matthew A. Brodsky +2 more
doaj +7 more sources
Historical Perspectives and Guidelines for Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtype Nomenclature [PDF]
Toxins, 2017 Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin variants are being identified with increasing frequency, which ...
Michael W. Peck +24 more
doaj +6 more sources
Indian Journal of Dermatology, 2010 Botulinum toxin, one of the most poisonous biological substances known, is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum elaborates eight antigenically distinguishable exotoxins (A, B, C 1 , C 2 , D, E, F and G).
Nigam P, Nigam Anjana
doaj +3 more sources
Current status and future directions of botulinum neurotoxins for targeting pain processing. [PDF]
, 2015 Current evidence suggests that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) A1 and B1, given locally into peripheral tissues such as skin, muscles, and joints, alter nociceptive processing otherwise initiated by inflammation or nerve injury in animal models and humans.
Pellett, Sabine +2 more
core +11 more sources
Frontal fibrosing alopecia development in two patients after botulinum toxin applications: relationship or coincidence? [PDF]
Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology, 2021 Frontal fibrous alopecia is a primary lymphocytic scarring alopecia that is difficult to control, with a perifollicular lichenoid infiltrate marking its histology.
Mariana Abdo de Almeida +2 more
doaj +1 more source
Immunogenicity of botulinum toxin [PDF]
Archives of Plastic Surgery, 2022 Botulinum toxin treatment is the most common non-surgical cosmetic treatment. Although there are many available treatments using botulinum toxin, their effects are temporary and repeated injections are required. These frequent injections can trigger an immunological response. In addition, botulinum toxin acts as an antigen in the body; thus, its effect
Syeo Young Wee, Eun Soo Park
openaire +3 more sources
Use of botulinum toxin in hidradenitis suppurativa [PDF]
Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology, 2021 Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflamatory, chronic, recurrent, and debilitating condition. There is a lack of consensus about its treatment.
Elcilane Gomes Silva +2 more
doaj +1 more source
Therapeutic Use of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Dermatology: Systematic Review
Toxins, 2021 Botulinum toxin is a superfamily of neurotoxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium Botulinum with well-established efficacy and safety profile in focal idiopathic hyperhidrosis.
Emanuela Martina +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Immunogenicity of botulinum toxins [PDF]
Journal of Neural Transmission, 2012 Botulinum neurotoxins are formulated biologic pharmaceuticals used therapeutically to treat a wide variety of chronic conditions, with varying governmental approvals by country. Some of these disorders include cervical dystonia, post-stroke spasticity, blepharospasm, migraine, and hyperhidrosis.
Naumann, Markus +3 more
openaire +3 more sources
Headache and botulinum toxin [PDF]
The Journal of Headache and Pain, 2005 The authors discuss clinical and international experience about botulinum toxins (BTX types A and B) in headache treatment. Data from literature suggest good results for the treatment of tension-type headache, migraine and chronic tension-type headache. In the present paper mechanisms of action and injection sites will also be discussed.
Massimo Camerlingo, Mauro Porta
openaire +3 more sources