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Clinical use of non-a botulinum toxins: Botulinum toxin type C and botulinum toxin type F
Neurotoxicity Research, 2006Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotype A is commonly used in the treatment of focal dystonia, but some patients are primarily or become secondarily resistant to it. Consequently, other serotypes have to be used when immuno-resistance is proven. In the literature, patients with focal dystonia have been treated with BoNT serotype F with clinical benefit ...
ELEOPRA R +5 more
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Complications of Botulinum Toxin Type A
Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, 2007Introduced over 30 years ago for the treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm, botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) now has established uses for various therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Although remarkably safe and effective, BTX-A is a potent toxin. Complications can occur, particularly when used by the inexperienced injectors.
Jean, Carruthers, Alastair, Carruthers
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Clinical use of non-a botulinum toxins: botulinum toxin type B
Neurotoxicity Research, 2006Botulinum neurotoxin type B (BT, BT-B) has been used as NeuroBloc/MyoBloc since 1999 for treatment of cervical dystonia, hyperhidrosis, spastic conditions, cerebral palsy, hemifacial spasm, bladder dysfunction, spasmodic dysphonia, sialorrhoea, anal fissures, piriformis syndrome, various pain conditions and cosmetic applications.
D, Dressler, R, Eleopra
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Botulinum toxin type B in antibody-induced botulinum toxin type A therapy failure
Journal of Neurology, 2003Recently, it was reported that botulinum toxin type B complex (BoNT/B) (NeuroBloc(R), Elan Pharmaceuticals) can produce an adequate therapeutic response in patients with antibody induced failure of botulinum toxin type A complex (BoNT/A) therapy. We wanted to study whether this effect is transient or sustained.
Dirk, Dressler +2 more
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Neurophysiological effects of botulinum toxin type a
Neurotoxicity Research, 2006Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) acts peripherally by inhibiting acetylcholine release from the presynaptic neuromuscular terminals, thus weakening muscle contraction, and its clinical benefit depends primarily on the toxin's peripheral action. In addition to acting directly at the neuromuscular junction, the toxin alters sensory inputs to the central ...
ABBRUZZESE, GIOVANNI, BERARDELLI A.
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Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2021Botulinum toxin type A (BontA) is the most frequent treatment for facial wrinkles, but its effectiveness and safety have not previously been assessed in a Cochrane Review.To assess the effects of all commercially available botulinum toxin type A products for the treatment of any type of facial wrinkles.We searched the following databases up to May 2020:
Cristina Pires, Camargo +6 more
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Botulinum Toxin Type B for Dynamic Glabellar Rhytides Refractory to Botulinum Toxin Type A
Dermatologic Surgery, 2003Botulinum toxin type B (BTX-B; Myobloc) has recently been introduced for the treatment of dynamic rhytides. This serotype is structurally similar to botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A; Botox) and appears to produce equivalent muscular paralysis. Because of the fact that some patients may become resistant to the effects of BTX-A with its continued use or may
Tina S, Alster, Jason R, Lupton
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Botulinum toxin antibody type A titres after cessation of botulinum toxin therapy
Movement Disorders, 2002AbstractIn some patients, therapy with botulinum toxin type A (BT‐A) becomes ineffective due to formation of antibodies (BT‐A‐AB). The time course of BT‐A‐AB titres after cessation of BT‐A therapy was quantitatively studied to determine whether and when they might drop.
Dirk, Dressler, Hans, Bigalke
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