Voltammetric Oxidation of Drugs of Abuse II. Codeine and Metabolites [PDF]
The oxidation of codeine on glassy carbon electrodes has been studied in detail using differential pulse voltammetry. The results obtained using a glassy carbon electrode clearly show a much more complex oxidation mechanism than that previously reported ...
Borges, F.+4 more
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Postmortem tissue distribution of morphine and its metabolites in a series of heroin related deaths [PDF]
The abuse of heroin (diamorphine) and heroin deaths are growing around the world. The interpretation of the toxicological results from suspected heroin deaths is notoriously difficult especially in cases where there may be limited samples.
Beer, Lewis J.+6 more
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Cough, codeine and confusion [PDF]
Codeine is widely prescribed in clinical practice with over the counter (OTC) preparations of codeine freely available for consumption typically as a component of remedies for the common cold/cough. We describe the first reported case of acute confusional state in a previously healthy 14-year-old girl ultimately attributed to inappropriate codeine use.
David O Reilly+2 more
openaire +3 more sources
A look inside the association codeine-paracetamol: clinical pharmacology supports analgesic efficacy [PDF]
Acute and chronic pain often requires a multimodal approach. Combination therapy reduces the number of individual daily administrations and improves patient's compliance with the prescribed analgesic treatment. Despite the association codeine/paracetamol
COLUZZI, FLAMINIA, MATTIA, Consalvo
core
Pharmacogenetics of analgesic drugs [PDF]
• Individual variability in pain perception and differences in the efficacy of analgesic drugs are complex phenomena and are partly genetically predetermined.
Branford, R+4 more
core +1 more source
Laxatives do not improve symptoms of opioid-induced constipation: results of a patient survey [PDF]
Introduction: Laxatives are commonly used to treat opioid-induced constipation, the commonest and most bothersome complication of opioids. However, laxatives have a non-specific action and do not target underlying mechanisms of opioid-induced ...
Emmanuel, Anton+2 more
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CODEINE ANALGESIA IS DUE TO CODEINE‐6‐GLUCURONIDE, NOT MORPHINE
SUMMARYEighty per cent of codeine is conjugated with glucuronic acid to codeine‐6‐glucuronide. Only 5% of the dose is O‐demethylated to morphine, which in turn is immediately glucuronidated at the 3‐ and 6‐ position and excreted renally. Based on the structural requirement of the opiate molecule for interaction with the μ‐receptor to result in ...
Vree, T.B.+2 more
openaire +3 more sources
Trends in long-term prescribing of dependence forming medicines [PDF]
Using patient-level primary care data to estimate the extent to which antidepressant medicines are prescribed to people continuously for long periods of time.
McManus, S.+3 more
core
Pharmacogenetics : the science of predictive clinical pharmacology [PDF]
The study of pharmacogenetics has expanded from what were initially casual family-based clinical drug response observations, to a fully-fledged science with direct therapeutic applications, all within a time-span of less than 60 years. A wide spectrum of
Fenech, Anthony G., Grech, Godfrey
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Diclofenac does not interact with codeine metabolism in vivo: A study in healthy volunteers [PDF]
BACKGROUND: Previously, we have demonstrated a marked inhibition of codeine glucuronidation by diclofenac in human liver tissue homogenate. We therefore aimed to investigate whether diclofenac inhibits glucuronidation of codeine also in vivo in healthy ...
Ammon, Susanne+6 more
core +2 more sources