Results 11 to 20 of about 793,872 (236)
Why do so many trials of vitamin D supplementation fail?
Endocrine Connections, 2020 Our knowledge of vitamin D has come a long way since the 100 years it took for doctors to accept, between 1860 and 1890, that both sunlight and cod liver oil (a well-known folk remedy) cured and prevented rickets. Vitamins D2/D3 were discovered exactly a
Barbara J Boucher
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Confounding and Confounding Control
, 2022 AbstractCurrently, the classical, counterfactual, and structural confounding definitions, are simultaneously used in teaching or practice context of epidemiology. Despite the resemblance, the three definitions are different in many aspects. A unified theory of confounding and confounding control has not been established.
Shaolong Ren, Genming Zhao
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Journal of Epidemiology, 2023 Background: The counterfactual definition of confounding is often explained in the context of exchangeability between the exposed and unexposed groups.
Etsuji Suzuki +2 more
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Study Designs and Statistical Analyses for Biomarker Research
Sensors, 2012 Biomarkers are becoming increasingly important for streamlining drug discovery and development. In addition, biomarkers are widely expected to be used as a tool for disease diagnosis, personalized medication, and surrogate endpoints in clinical research.
Yasunori Sato +2 more
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Need for and practical interpretations of the person-year construct in neuropsychiatric research
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2019 In observational studies, groups of interest may be carved out of predictors of interest. Thus, for example, if cardiovascular (CVS) health at age 50 years is the predictor of interest for dementia as the long-term outcome, groups of interest could ...
Chittaranjan Andrade
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HGG AdvancesSummary: Often, studies will aggregate all participants identified as Hispanic/Latino, despite genetic and environmental substructures, preventing the meaningful interrogation of the roles of genetics and environment in human health.
Jayati Sharma +13 more
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The Deductive Approach to Causal Inference
Journal of Causal Inference, 2014 This paper reviews concepts, principles, and tools that have led to a coherent mathematical theory that unifies the graphical, structural, and potential outcome approaches to causal inference. The theory provides solutions to a number of pending problems
Pearl Judea
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Frontiers in Psychology, 2017 The life course perspective, the risky families model, and stress-and-coping models provide the rationale for assessing the role of smoking as a mediator in the association between childhood adversity and anxious and depressive symptomatology (ADS) in ...
Mashhood Ahmed Sheikh
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Journal of Causal Inference, 2014 This paper describes a targeted maximum likelihood estimator (TMLE) for the parameters of longitudinal static and dynamic marginal structural models. We consider a longitudinal data structure consisting of baseline covariates, time-dependent intervention
Petersen Maya +5 more
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Third Variable Effects in Management Studies
Problemy Zarządzania, 2016 The article’s aim is to explain the third variable effects in management studies –mediation, suppression, and confounding. Examples of these three types of the third variable effects are based on the European Social Survey (2012) data.
Anna Olga Kuźmińska
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