Results 31 to 40 of about 843,154 (264)

On the bias of adjusting for a non-differentially mismeasured discrete confounder

Journal of Causal Inference, 2021
Biological and epidemiological phenomena are often measured with error or imperfectly captured in data. When the true state of this imperfect measure is a confounder of an outcome exposure relationship of interest, it was previously widely believed that ...
Peña Jose M., Balgi Sourabh, Sjölander Arvid, Gabriel Erin E.   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Leukemia and Exposure to Potential Benzene Sources in Children From the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, 2010–2021: A Geospatial Analysis

Pediatric Blood &Cancer, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Background Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer in Mexico, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent subtype. Exposure to high concentrations of benzene has been associated with ALL incidence, particularly in urban areas. This study evaluated the relationship between distance to benzene emission sources and the number
Orlando Rivera Zurita, Norma Candelaria López Santiago, Claudia Maria García Cuellar, Karla Maldonado Silva, Nancy Reynoso Noverón, Leticia Hernández Cadena   +5 more
wiley   +1 more source

Ensemble Variability as a Signal of Confounding in Medical Imaging Models

Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction
Machine learning models for medical image analysis are vulnerable to hidden confounders, which can compromise generalization and clinical reliability. Existing detection strategies typically require explicit knowledge or labels of the confounder, which ...
Uma M. Lal-Trehan Estrada, Sunil A. Sheth, Arnau Oliver, Xavier Lladó, Luca Giancardo   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Potential confounding in the association between short birth intervals and increased neonatal, infant, and child mortality [PDF]

Global Health Action, 2015
Background: Recent steep declines in child mortality have been attributed in part to increased use of contraceptives and the resulting change in fertility behaviour, including an increase in the time between births.
Jamie Perin, Neff Walker
doaj   +1 more source

Incidence and Severity of Carboplatin‐Associated Hearing Loss in Children With Cancer Assessed by the SIOP Boston 2012 Ototoxicity Criteria

Pediatric Blood &Cancer, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Background Platinum‐based chemotherapy is known to cause severe and debilitating hearing loss, but unlike cisplatin, the true incidence of carboplatin‐induced hearing loss remains unclear. We evaluated functional hearing outcomes in children receiving carboplatin to determine the incidence and severity of ototoxicity. Procedure We identified a
Aniket Chawla, Sean Carter, Andrew Wood, Sandra Staffieri, Andrew Dodgshun, David D. Eisenstat, Michael Sullivan   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

Using directed acyclic graphs to assess collider and confounding bias in reviews of observational studies: an illustrative example using the impact of residential exposure to animal feeding operations on human health

Evidence-Based Toxicology
Bias assessment in systematic reviews of observational studies commonly includes consideration about whether key confounders were controlled but rarely evaluates whether control strategies may have introduced bias through control of colliders or ...
Brayan Alexander Fonseca Martinez, Jan Merrill Sargeant, Sarah Ceridwen Totton, Chong Wang, Annette Maree O’Connor   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Sufficient component cause simulations: an underutilized epidemiologic teaching tool

Frontiers in Epidemiology, 2023
Simulation studies are a powerful and important tool in epidemiologic teaching, especially for understanding causal inference. Simulations using the sufficient component cause framework can provide students key insights about causal mechanisms and ...
Katrina L. Kezios, Eleanor Hayes-Larson
doaj   +1 more source

Re‐Irradiation in Pediatric Diffuse Midline Glioma: A Multi‐Institutional Retrospective Study

Pediatric Blood &Cancer, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Background Children with recurrent diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) have limited therapeutic options at recurrence. Re‐irradiation (RT2) may be used at progression, but with uncertainty about the benefit. Methods We conducted a multi‐institutional retrospective study of children aged < 18 with DMG treated at three centers (Toronto, Canada ...
Ajay Thomas Alex, Sean P. Hassan, Helen Benghiat, Liam Herbert, Jennifer Adamski, Shivani Bailey, Claire Esler, Louise Brookes, Molly Bamber, Grace Koudou, Karen Waite, Julie Bennett, Anirban Das, Derek S. Tsang   +13 more
wiley   +1 more source

Recovery and inference of causal effects with sequential adjustment for confounding and attrition

Journal of Causal Inference
Confounding bias and selection bias bring two significant challenges to the validity of conclusions drawn from applied causal inference. The latter can stem from informative missingness, such as in cases of attrition.
de Aguas Johan, Pensar Johan, Varnet Pérez Tomás, Biele Guido   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and brain morphology: Examining confounding bias

eLife, 2022
Background: Associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and brain morphology have been reported, although with several inconsistencies.
Lorenza Dall'Aglio, Hannah H Kim, Sander Lamballais, Jeremy Labrecque, Ryan L Muetzel, Henning Tiemeier   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source