Results 21 to 30 of about 1,031,416 (263)

The Deductive Approach to Causal Inference

Journal of Causal Inference, 2014
This paper reviews concepts, principles, and tools that have led to a coherent mathematical theory that unifies the graphical, structural, and potential outcome approaches to causal inference. The theory provides solutions to a number of pending problems
Pearl Judea
doaj   +1 more source

Confounding and Statistical Significance of Indirect Effects: Childhood Adversity, Education, Smoking, and Anxious and Depressive Symptomatology

Frontiers in Psychology, 2017
The life course perspective, the risky families model, and stress-and-coping models provide the rationale for assessing the role of smoking as a mediator in the association between childhood adversity and anxious and depressive symptomatology (ADS) in ...
Mashhood Ahmed Sheikh
doaj   +1 more source

Identifiability, Exchangeability and Confounding revisited [PDF]

, 2009
In 1986 the International Journal of Epidemiology published "Identifiability, Exchangeability and Epidemiological Confounding". We review the article from the perspective of a quarter century after it was first drafted and relate it to subsequent ...
Robins, James, Robins, James M, Greenland, Sander, Sander Greenland, James M Robins   +4 more
core   +1 more source

Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Dynamic and Static Longitudinal Marginal Structural Working Models

Journal of Causal Inference, 2014
This paper describes a targeted maximum likelihood estimator (TMLE) for the parameters of longitudinal static and dynamic marginal structural models. We consider a longitudinal data structure consisting of baseline covariates, time-dependent intervention
Petersen Maya, Schwab Joshua, Gruber Susan, Blaser Nello, Schomaker Michael, van der Laan Mark   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

DFW: a novel weighting scheme for covariate balancing and treatment effect estimation

Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics
Estimating causal effects from observational data is challenging due to selection bias, which leads to imbalanced covariate distributions across treatment groups.
Ahmad Saeed Khan, Erik Schaffernicht, Johannes Andreas Stork   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

A confounding bridge approach for double negative control inference on causal effects

Statistical Theory and Related Fields
Unmeasured confounding is a key challenge for causal inference. In this paper, we establish a framework for unmeasured confounding adjustment with negative control variables.
Wang Miao, Xu Shi, Yilin Li, Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Third Variable Effects in Management Studies

Problemy Zarządzania, 2016
The article’s aim is to explain the third variable effects in management studies –mediation, suppression, and confounding. Examples of these three types of the third variable effects are based on the European Social Survey (2012) data.
Anna Olga Kuźmińska
doaj   +1 more source

On the Monotonicity of a Nondifferentially Mismeasured Binary Confounder

Journal of Causal Inference, 2020
Suppose that we are interested in the average causal effect of a binary treatment on an outcome when this relationship is confounded by a binary confounder. Suppose that the confounder is unobserved but a nondifferential proxy of it is observed.
Peña Jose M.
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Confounding

, 2017
This chapter gives the definition of confounding, a central issue in epidemiology and its dependence on two associations, with exposure and with outcome. It explains confounding in trials, cohort and case-control studies, and Simpson’s paradox.
Mark Elwood
core   +1 more source

Time-modified Confounding [PDF]

, 2009
According to the authors, time-modified confounding occurs when the causal relation between a time-fixed or time-varying confounder and the treatment or outcome changes over time. A key difference between previously described time-varying confounding and
Platt, Robert W., Cole, Stephen R., Schisterman, Enrique F.   +2 more
core   +1 more source