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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. While COPD is a mainly chronic disease, a substantial number of patients suffer from exacerbations.
C. Viniol, C. Vogelmeier
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The 2023 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) report includes relevant topics from the clinician’s perspective and evidence published on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) since GOLD 2017. The World Health Organization (
D. Parums
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is no longer a respiratory disease that predominantly affects men, to the point where the prevalence among women has equaled that of men since 2008, partly due to their increasing exposure to tobacco and to biomass fuels. Indeed, COPD has become the leading cause of death in women in the USA.
Maéva Zysman+3 more
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Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global disease characterised by chronic obstruction of lung airflow interfering with normal breathing. Although the microbiota of respiratory tract is established to be associated with COPD, the
H. Lai+9 more
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Pathological Mechanism and Targeted Drugs of COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and small airway obstruction. Incompletely reversible airflow limitation, inflammation, excessive mucus secretion and bronchial mucosal epithelial lesions are the main ...
Peng Guo+5 more
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The immunopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on the innate and adaptive inflammatory immune responses to the chronic inhalation of cigarette smoking. In the last quarter of the century, the analysis of specimens obtained from the lower airways of COPD patients compared with those from a control group of age-matched ...
CARAMORI, Gaetano+5 more
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Comorbidities are associated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This meta‐analysis aimed to explore the risk of severe COVID‐19 in patients with pre‐existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ongoing smoking history.
Qianwen Zhao+7 more
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an evolving infectious disease that dramatically spread all over the world in the early part of 2020.
J. Alqahtani+8 more
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The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic [1]. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
J. Leung+7 more
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