Results 41 to 50 of about 42,259 (164)
, 2017 Machine learning can impact people with legal or ethical consequences when it is used to automate decisions in areas such as insurance, lending, hiring, and predictive policing. In many of these scenarios, previous decisions have been made that are unfairly biased against certain subpopulations, for example those of a particular race, gender, or sexual
Kusner, MJ +3 more
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Mechanisms, counterfactuals and laws [PDF]
, 2016 In this chapter we examine the relation between mechanisms and laws/counterfactuals by revisiting the main notions of mechanism found in the literature. We distinguish between two different conceptions of ‘mechanism’: mechanisms-of underlie or constitute
Ioannidis, Stavros, Psillos, Stathis
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Counterfactuals, indicative conditionals, and negation under uncertainty: Are there cross-cultural differences? [PDF]
, 2017 In this paper we study selected argument forms involving counterfactuals and indicative conditionals under uncertainty. We selected argument forms to explore whether people with an Eastern cultural background reason differently about conditionals ...
Pfeifer, Niki, Yama, Hiroshi
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A Neglected Route to Realism About Quantum Mechanics [PDF]
, 1994 Bell's Theorem assumes that hidden variables are not influenced by future measurement settings. The assumption has sometimes been questioned, but the suggestion has been thought outlandish, even by the taxed standards of the discipline.
Price, Huw
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Ecology and Evolution, 2021 In October, nations of the world will begin negotiations for the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity. An influential ambition is “bending the curve of biodiversity loss,” which aims to reverse the decline ...
Falko T. Buschke
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Journal of Artificial Intelligence ResearchCounterfactual inference considers a hypothetical intervention in a parallel world that shares some evidence with the factual world. If the evidence specifies a conditional distribution on a manifold, counterfactuals may be analytically intractable. We present an algorithm for simulating values from a counterfactual distribution where conditions can be
Karvanen Juha +2 more
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Counterfactual Mean Embeddings
, 2018 Counterfactual inference has become a ubiquitous tool in online advertisement, recommendation systems, medical diagnosis, and econometrics. Accurate modeling of outcome distributions associated with different interventions -- known as counterfactual distributions -- is crucial for the success of these applications.
Muandet, K. +3 more
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Frontiers in Psychology, 2022 In two studies, we investigated whether counterfactual messages (i.e., “If… then…”) on the economic costs of past public policies influence support for future climate change policies.
Mauro Bertolotti +2 more
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Counterfactuals and Explanatory Pluralism [PDF]
, 2018 Recent literature on non-causal explanation raises the question as to whether explanatory monism, the thesis that all explanations submit to the same analysis, is true.
Doble, Gabriel +2 more
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Wierenga on theism and counterpossibles [PDF]
, 2019 Several theists, including Linda Zagzebski, have claimed that theism is somehow committed to nonvacuism about counterpossibles. Even though Zagzebski herself has rejected vacuism, she has offered an argument in favour of it, which Edward Wierenga has ...
Lampert, Fabio
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