Results 81 to 90 of about 42,259 (164)
The Coat Problem. Counterfactuals, Truth-makers, and Temporal specification [PDF]
, 2017 Standard semantic treatments of counterfactuals appeal to a relation of similarity between possible worlds. Similarity, however, is a vague notion. Lewis suggests reducing the vagueness of similarity by adopting a principle known as 'late departure' (LD):
Gallina, Francesco +1 more
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Counterfactual Skepticism and Multidimensional Semantics [PDF]
, 2018 It has recently been argued that indeterminacy and indeterminism make most ordinary counterfactuals false. I argue that a plausible way to avoid such counterfactual skepticism is to postulate the existence of primitive modal facts that serve as truth ...
Stefansson, H.
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Frontiers in Marine ScienceIntense development of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) has occurred in the North Sea with several more farms planned for the near future. These OWFs pose a threat to marine megafauna stressing the need to mitigate the impact of human activities.
Auriane Virgili +7 more
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Physical and Metaphysical Counterfactuals: Evaluating Disjunctive Actions
Journal of Causal Inference, 2017 The structural interpretation of counterfactuals as formulated in Balke and Pearl (1994a,b) [1, 2] excludes disjunctive conditionals, such as “had X$X$ been x1 or x2$x_1~\mbox{or}~x_2$,” as well as disjunctive actions such as do(X=x1 or X=x2)$do(X=x_1 ...
Pearl Judea
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Graphoids over Counterfactuals
Journal of Causal Inference, 2014 Augmenting the graphoid axioms with three additional rules enables us to handle independencies among observed as well as counterfactual variables. The augmented set of axioms facilitates the derivation of testable implications and ignorability conditions
Pearl Judea
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Divine Foreknowledge and the Problem of Evil: Four Views [PDF]
, 2016 This paper examines the issues of divine foreknowledge and the Problem of Evil from the standpoint of four different theological systems: Open Theism, Arminianism, Molinism, and Calvinism.
Justice, Nathan S
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David Boonin on the Non-Identity Argument: Rejecting the Second Premise [PDF]
, 2019 According to various “harm-based” approaches to the non-identity problem, an action that brings a particular child into existence can also harm that child, even if his or her life is worth living.
Gardner, Molly
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Artificial Intelligence, 1986 The paper investigates properties of a non-standard implication \(>\) and its applications in Artificial Intelligence. Statements of the form \(p>q\) are called counterfactuals. Their interpretation does not necessarily coincide with the classic interpretation of \(p\supset q\) for those models \({\mathcal M}\) which satisfy \(\neg p\).
openaire +1 more source
Using counterfactuals to display facts – the case of satirical humor
ExELL (Explorations in English Language and Linguistics)Satire has not been given the humorologists’ attention to an extent that would do justice to the amount of humor satire actually holds. Therefore, the intention of this paper is to shed light on satire as humorous discourse, with an emphasis on ...
Adi Maslo
doaj
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer ScienceCounterfactuals are widely used to explain ML model predictions by providing alternative scenarios for obtaining more desired predictions. They can be generated by a variety of methods that optimize various, sometimes conflicting, quality measures and ...
Stepka Ignacy +2 more
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