Metal A and metal B sites of nuclear RNA polymerases Pol IV and Pol V are required for siRNA-dependent DNA methylation and gene silencing. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2009 Plants are unique among eukaryotes in having five multi-subunit nuclear RNA polymerases: the ubiquitous RNA polymerases I, II and III plus two plant-specific activities, nuclear RNA polymerases IV and V (previously known as Polymerases IVa and IVb).
Jeremy R Haag +2 more
doaj +15 more sources
Functional Consequences of Subunit Diversity in RNA Polymerases II and V [PDF]
Cell Reports, 2012 Multisubunit RNA polymerases IV and V (Pol IV and Pol V) evolved as specialized forms of Pol II that mediate RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and transcriptional silencing of transposons, viruses, and endogenous repeats in plants.
Ek Han Tan +3 more
doaj +5 more sources
Computational Investigations on Polymerase Actions in Gene Transcription and Replication Combining Physical Modeling and Atomistic Simulations [PDF]
Chin. Phys. B Vol. 25, No. 1 (2016) 018706, 2015 Polymerases are protein enzymes that move along nucleic acid chains and catalyze template-based polymerization reactions during gene transcription and replication. The polymerases also substantially improve transcription or replication fidelity through the non-equilibrium enzymatic cycles.
Yu, Jin
arxiv +3 more sources
DragonRNA: Generality of DNA-primed RNA-extension activities by DNA-directed RNA polymerases. [PDF]
Nucleic Acids ResAbstract RNA polymerases (RNAPs) transcribe DNA into RNA. Several RNAPs, including from bacteriophages Sp6 and T7, Escherichia coli, and wheat germ, had been shown to add ribonucleotides to DNA 3′ ends. Mitochondria have their own RNAPs (mtRNAPs).
Greenwald E +7 more
europepmc +2 more sources
DNA-directed termination of RNA polymerase II transcription [PDF]
Molecular Cell, 2023 RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription involves initiation from a promoter, transcriptional elongation through the gene, and termination in the terminator region. In bacteria, terminators often contain specific DNA elements provoking polymerase dissociation, but RNAPII transcription termination is thought to be driven entirely by protein co-factors ...
Zhong Han +7 more
openaire +3 more sources
Polymerase Mu Is a DNA-Directed DNA/RNA Polymerase [PDF]
Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2003 DNA polymerases are defined as such because they use deoxynucleotides instead of ribonucleotides with high specificity. We show here that polymerase mu (pol μ), implicated in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway for repair of DNA double-strand breaks, incorporates both ribonucleotides and deoxynucleotides in a template-directed manner.
Stephanie A. Nick McElhinny +1 more
openaire +3 more sources
A Pol V-mediated silencing, independent of RNA-directed DNA methylation, applies to 5S rDNA. [PDF]
PLoS Genetics, 2009 The plant-specific RNA polymerases Pol IV and Pol V are essential to RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), which also requires activities from RDR2 (RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 2), DCL3 (Dicer-Like 3), AGO4 (Argonaute), and DRM2 (Domains Rearranged ...
Julien Douet +2 more
doaj +1 more source
DNA topoisomerase 1α promotes transcriptional silencing of transposable elements through DNA methylation and histone lysine 9 dimethylation in Arabidopsis. [PDF]
PLoS Genetics, 2014 RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) are related transcriptional silencing mechanisms that target transposable elements (TEs) and repeats to maintain genome stability in plants. RdDM is mediated by small and
Thanh Theresa Dinh +14 more
doaj +1 more source
RNase-like domain in DNA-directed RNA polymerase II. [PDF]
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1991 DNA-directed RNA polymerase is responsible for gene expression. Despite its importance, many details of its function and higher-order structure still remain unknown. We report here a local sequence similarity between the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and bacterial RNases Ba (barnase), Bi, and St. The most remarkable similarity is that the
Mitiko Go, Tsuyoshi Shirai
openaire +3 more sources
Taking the Wheel – de novo DNA Methylation as a Driving Force of Plant Embryonic Development
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021 During plant embryogenesis, regardless of whether it begins with a fertilized egg cell (zygotic embryogenesis) or an induced somatic cell (somatic embryogenesis), significant epigenetic reprogramming occurs with the purpose of parental or vegetative ...
Lucija Markulin +6 more
doaj +1 more source