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Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the kidney
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology, 2008Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in a wide range of pathological circumstances including neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes mellitus, ischemic injury, cancers, atherosclerosis, inflammation, infection, toxicity of chemicals and metals, and psychotic diseases.
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress responses
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2007In homeostasis, cellular processes are in a dynamic equilibrium. Perturbation of homeostasis causes stress. In this review I summarize how perturbation of three major functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells -- protein folding, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, and storing intracellular Ca(2+) -- causes ER stress and activates ...
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy
2019In 1945, K. R. Porter et al. observed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and found that the cytoplasmic part of the cell had an unreported reticular structure, so it was named endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The major functions of the endoplasmic reticulum are: synthesis of intracellular proteins and the modification and processing of proteins.
Zhihao, Qi, Linxi, Chen
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Obesity
2017In recent years, the world has seen an alarming increase in obesity and is closely associated with insulin resistance, which is a state of low-grade inflammation, the latter characterized by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in blood and tissues.
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress response and neurodegeneration
Cell Calcium, 2005The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a subcellular compartment playing a central role in calcium storage and signaling. Disturbances of ER calcium homeostasis constitute a severe form of stress interfering with central functions of this structure including the folding and processing of newly synthesized membrane and secretory proteins.
Wulf, Paschen, Thorsten, Mengesdorf
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress in brain ischemia
International Journal of Neuroscience, 2015Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an intricate mechanism that mediates numerous responses during brain ischemia, thus being essential to determine the fate of neurons. In recent years, studies of the mechanisms of brain ischemic injury have centered on ER stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, dysfunction of mitochondria, inflammatory reactions, calcium ...
Yingchao, Su, Feng, Li
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Diabetes as a disease of endoplasmic reticulum stress
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 2010AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an integral part of life for all professional secretory cells, but it has been studied to greatest depth in the pancreatic β‐cell. This reflects both the crucial role played by ER stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes and also the exquisite vulnerability of these cells to ER dysfunction.
Sally E, Thomas +4 more
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Brain Damage
2011The efficient functioning of the ER is indispensable for most of the cellular activities and survival. Disturbances in the physiological functions of the ER result in the activation of a complex set of signaling pathways from the ER to the cytosol and nucleus, and these are collectively known as unfolded protein response (UPR), which is aimed to ...
Ram, Raghubir +2 more
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Pharmacological targeting of endoplasmic reticulum stress in disease
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2021Stefan J Marciniak +2 more
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