Results 191 to 200 of about 12,502 (205)

Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Glutamate Signaling in Ischemic Stroke

Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2014
Stroke is a leading cause of human mortality and disability where most cases of stroke are ischemic. The central nervous system (CNS) is extremely vulnerable to ischemic stroke particularly due to its unique ability: synaptic transmission. Not only does elaborate synaptic transmission consume extravagant energy that constrains neuronal viability under ...
Naijian Chao, Sheng-Tian Li
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Extrasynaptic distribution of monoamine transporters and receptors

2000
Publisher Summary Extra-synaptic, as well as synaptic sites for monoaminergic transmission have been elucidated by using electron microscopic immunocytochemistry for the localization of sequence specific antipeptide antisera against recently cloned vesicular and plasmalemmal monoamine transporters and receptors.
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Regulation of Excitability by Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors

2007
Not only are GABA(A) receptors activated transiently by GABA released at synapses, but high affinity, extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors are also activated by ambient, extracellular GABA as a more persistent form of signalling (often termed tonic inhibition).
Matthew C. Walker, Alexey Semyanov, Alexey Semyanov   +2 more
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Mechanism of extrasynaptic dopamine signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans

Nature Neuroscience, 2004
D1-like and D2-like dopamine receptors have synergistic and antagonistic effects on behavior. To understand the mechanisms underlying these effects, we studied dopamine signaling genetically in Caenorhabditis elegans. Knocking out a D2-like receptor, DOP-3, caused locomotion defects similar to those observed in animals lacking dopamine.
Daniel L. Chase, Michael R. Koelle, Judy S Pepper   +2 more
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Neurosteroid modulation of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2007
Certain naturally occurring pregnane steroids act in a nongenomic manner to potently and selectively enhance the interaction of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA with the GABA(A) receptor. Consequently such steroids exhibit anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, analgesic, sedative, hypnotic, and anesthetic properties.
Herd, Murray B., Belelli, Delia, Lambert, Jeremy J.   +2 more
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Extrasynaptic transmission and the diffusion parameters of the extracellular space

Neurochemistry International, 2008
Extrasynaptic volume transmission, mediated by the diffusion of neuroactive substances in the extracellular space (ECS), plays an important role in short- and long-distance communication between nerve cells. The ability of a substance to reach extrasynaptic high-affinity receptors via diffusion depends on the ECS diffusion parameters, ECS volume ...
Eva Syková, Lýdia Vargová
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The Pharmacology of Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors

2014
The different subunits that make up the family of GABAA receptor subtypes have unique distributions within the brain and nervous system. Their localization at the neuronal level is in many cases not necessarily associated with synaptic densities, and this has led to the hypothesis that extrasynaptic receptors perform a unique function in controlling ...
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Neurosteroids and Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors

2014
Steroid sex hormones are generally thought to act through intracellular receptors, where they regulate gene expression and protein synthesis, an effect that takes minutes to hours to occur. However, steroid metabolites can also directly modulate the activity of numerous ligand-gated ion channels. These metabolites can be synthesised de novo in the CNS,
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Diffusional extrasynaptic neurotransmission via glutamate and GABA

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 2005
Glutamate and GABA are the main synaptic neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. However, their actions are not limited only to the local postsynaptic zone. These amino acids can be released into the extrasynaptic space by glutamate and GABA reuptake, glial exocytosis, osmotic shock, and spillover (flowing out of the synaptic cleft).
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The neuronal primary cilium—an extrasynaptic signaling device

Cellular Signalling, 2004
Many, but likely most, neurons in the central nervous system have a nonmotile "primary" cilium extending like an antenna or finger from one of the pair of centrioles in the cell's centrosome into the extracellular space. Since their discovery over 100 years ago, these organelles have been either dismissed as functionless relicts of a bygone era or more
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