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Acoustic startle, prepulse inhibition, and fear-potentiated startle measured in rhesus monkeys
Biological Psychiatry, 2002Modulation of the acoustic startle response is a simple and objective indicator of emotionality and attention in rodents and humans. This finding has proven extremely valuable for analysis of neural systems associated with fear and anxiety. Until recently, there have been few efforts to develop acoustic startle measurement in nonhuman primates.
James T, Winslow +2 more
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No effect of sex and estrous cycle on the fear potentiated startle response in rats [PDF]
Behavioural Brain Research, 2018 The prevalence of anxiety disorders is higher in women than in men. Yet preclinical studies on anxiety are mostly performed in male subjects. This may have limited our understanding of mechanisms contributing to anxiety disorders. Since fear conditioning
Lucianne Groenink, Yulong Zhao
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Infusion of flesinoxan into the amygdala blocks the fear-potentiated startle
NeuroReport, 2000In a previous study it was demonstrated that flesinoxan, a selective serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor agonist, had anxiolytic properties in the fear-potentiated startle paradigm. The present study investigated the putative site of action of flesinoxan in this paradigm.
Groenink, L. +4 more
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Neural Systems Involved in Fear‐Potentiated Startle
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1989The acoustic startle reflex offers a number of advantages for analyzing the neural bases of behavior. Startle apparently is mediated by excitatory amino acids at several of the synapses that comprise the short-latency startle pathway. The reflex is modulated by a variety of neurotransmitters at both the spinal and the supraspinal levels. In addition to
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Effects of lorazepam on fear-potentiated startle responses in man
Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2005Sudden intense sensory stimuli elicit a cascade of involuntary responses, including a short-latency skeletal muscular response (‘eyeblink startle response’) and longer-latency autonomic responses. These responses are enhanced when subjects anticipate an aversive event compared to periods when subjects are resting (‘fear potentiation’).
S J, Graham +9 more
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Diazepam blocks fear-potentiated startle in humans.
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1996The effects of an anxiolytic drug (diazepam) on emotional responses to aversive stimuli were investigated using physiological measures, including the startle probe reflex. Participants were 54 university students assigned to either a placebo group or a 10 mg or 15 mg diazepam group in a double-blind design.
C J, Patrick, B D, Berthot, J D, Moore
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The fear potentiated startle effect
Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 1991A differential conditioning study examined whether an acoustic startle probe, presented during extinction of an aversively conditioned visual stimulus, potentiated the reflex eyeblink response in humans and whether this potentiation varied with the change in affective valence of the conditioned stimulus. Sixty college students were randomly assigned to
A O, Hamm +4 more
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Delayed development of fear-potentiated startle in rats.
Behavioral Neuroscience, 1994The developmental emergence of fear-potentiated startle was examined in rats ranging in age from 16 to 75 days. In Experiment 1, a pure tone served as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and an acoustic startle pulse served as the unconditioned stimulus (US) for fear conditioning.
Pamela S. Hunt +2 more
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A Single Administration of Testosterone Reduces Fear-Potentiated Startle in Humans
Biological Psychiatry, 2006Ample evidence from animal research indicates that the gonadal steroid hormone testosterone has fear-reducing properties. Human data on this topic, however, are scarce and far less unequivocal. The present study therefore aimed to scrutinize anxiolytic effects of a single dose of testosterone, using a direct physiological index of fear in humans.Twenty
Hermans, E.J. +4 more
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Conditioned inhibition of fear-potentiated startle and skin conductance in humans
Psychophysiology, 2001Conditioned inhibition of classical conditioning was investigated with the startle reflex and the skin conductance response (SCR) in humans using a serial presentation of the conditioned inhibitor (X) and of the conditioned stimulus (CS). The unconditioned stimulus (US) was a shock.
C, Grillon, R, Ameli
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