Menthol mouth rinsing and performance in elite football referees in the heat: A study protocol for a randomized crossover trial [PDF]
Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 2023 Background: Within professional European competitions, matches can be played in extreme environmental temperatures, ranging from −5 °C to +30 °C in different countries.
Filipe J Teixeira +2 more
exaly +4 more sources
Health on the Pitch: Dietary Habits of Football Referees in Poland [PDF]
NutrientsBackground: Football referees are pivotal to match regulation, requiring both cognitive and physical abilities comparable to players. Proper nutrition is essential to sustain their intense activity levels, yet dietary habits among referees in Poland are under-researched. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits of football referees in
Mateusz Grajek, Jolanta Zalejska-Fiolka
exaly +4 more sources
The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the quality of life of Chinese football referees: the chain mediating role of occupational stress and job burnout [PDF]
BMC Public Health, 2023 Background COVID-19 lockdown measures have had a great negative impact on the development of sports competition in China, as well as on the quality of life of football referees.
Xianliang Wang +5 more
doaj +2 more sources
“I'm a Referee, Not a Female Referee”: The Experiences of Women Involved in Football as Coaches and Referees [PDF]
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2022 The development of the Women's Super League (WSL) in English football, increased media coverage of the game, and an expansion of grassroots opportunities indicate a bright future for women and girls who want to play.
Scarlett Drury +5 more
doaj +4 more sources
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on match-activity and physical performance in professional football referees [PDF]
Biology of Sport, 2021 To investigate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on match-play metrics in professional football referees during official matches of the Spanish professional leagues.
Victor Moreno-Perez +5 more
doaj +2 more sources
“The Referee Plays to Be Insulted!”: An Exploratory Qualitative Study on the Spanish Football Referees’ Experiences of Aggression, Violence, and Coping [PDF]
Frontiers in Psychology, 2021 Referees are essential participants in the sport of football. They are responsible for enforcing the rules and achieving the necessary impartiality for the matches. Referees are often target of hostile reactions from fans, players, and coaches.
José Devís-Devís +2 more
doaj +2 more sources
Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi, 2020 Almost every team that has been defeated in recent years has indicated football referees as the first guilty, and the public pressure on the referees managing the competitions is increasing. Despite these adverse conditions, it is considered important to
Özer Yıldız, Mehtap Yıldız
doaj +4 more sources
How do gender and competition level influence the physical demands in worst-case scenarios of elite football referees? [PDF]
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and RehabilitationBackground The aim of this study was to describe and compare the physical demands in Worst-Case Scenarios (WCS) across different competition levels in male and female football of Spanish elite football referees during matches, comparing competitions ...
Gemma Martinez-Torremocha +7 more
doaj +2 more sources
Clinical Sports Medicine & Orthopedics
Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin, 2022 Problem: As opposed to athletes, the cardiovascular strain of referees during a competition is neither systematically explored nor included in their cardiovascular screening programs.Methods: Twenty-one referees from the two upper Luxemburgish football ...
Urhausen A +5 more
doaj +2 more sources
The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder, occupational stress, occupational burnout, and mental health in football referees: a national cross-sectional survey in China [PDF]
Frontiers in Public HealthBackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as a global public health emergency, is widely recognized as a major traumatic event with far-reaching implications for individual mental health.
Liangyu Zhao, Liguo Zhang
doaj +2 more sources