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Scoring the mouse formalin test: Validation study
European Journal of Pain, 1998The formalin test is a well‐established model for assessing nociceptive processes and analgesic drug effects. Previous studies have provided statistical validation of optimal procedures for conducting and scoring the rat formalin test. In the mouse model, formalin concentration has been subjected to validation studies.
, Sufka, , Watson, , Nothdurft, , Mogil
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The formalin test in rat: validation of an automated system
Pain, 1996A novel, computer-driven, dynamic-force detector was validated for use in measuring the formalin-induced agitation response. Intraplantar administration of formalin (0.25-5%) provoked a biphasic agitation response as measured with the automated system.
M F, Jett, S, Michelson
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Amitriptyline produces analgesia in the formalin pain test
Experimental Neurology, 1992A dose of 20 mg/kg of amitriptyline reduced pain in the second phase of the formalin test, which is an animal model of long-lasting pain in humans. Since the analgesic effect was produced by a single dose, which is insufficient to produce an antidepressant effect, these results indicate that amitriptyline has analgesic properties that are independent ...
J, Acton, J E, McKenna, R, Melzack
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Neuronostatin induces hyperalgesia in formalin test in mice
Neuroscience Letters, 2012Neuronostatin, a newly identified peptide encoded by the somatostatin (SST) gene, was proved to produce significant antinociceptive effect in mouse tail immersion test. However, the effect of neuronostatin on tonic pain was still not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neuronostatin in the formalin test and its possible ...
Shao-Bin, Yang +5 more
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Rapid development of tolerance to morphine in the formalin test
NeuroReport, 1994Previous reports have suggested that tolerance to the antinociceptive effects of morphine does not develop in the formalin test. To re-examine these findings, morphine was administered via multiple injections or continuous infusion from 0 to 4 days prior to testing with either the formalin or tail-flick test. Following twice daily injections (5.0 mg kg-
B J, Connell +3 more
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Effects of dopaminergic agents on antinociception in formalin test
General Pharmacology: The Vascular System, 1999Morphine caused a dose-related antinociception in early phase and late phase of formalin test in mice. The D2 dopamine agonist quinpirole, but not the D1 dopamine agonist SKF 38393, increased the antinociceptive effect of morphine in both phases of the test.
M R, Zarrindast +2 more
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Age differences in the response to the formalin test in rats
Neurobiology of Aging, 1999We report the results of a study designed to assess age differences in the response to the formalin test, a model of tissue injury and inflammation, while controlling for differences in weight and motoric abilities in three groups of adult male Long-Evans rats: young (3 months old), middle-aged (18 months old), and old (24 months old).
L, Gagliese, R, Melzack
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Dopamine receptor subtypes and formalin test analgesia
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 1991The role played by dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in formalin test analgesia was explored by challenging D-amphetamine- and morphine-induced analgesia with mixed and selective D1 and D2 antagonists, and by examining the relative analgesic activity of mixed and selective D1 and D2 agonists. The mixed D1/D2 dopamine antagonist cis-flupenthixol (0.5 mg/kg),
M J, Morgan, K B, Franklin
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The formalin test: A tonic pain model in the primate
Pain, 1984The formalin test has been used in monkeys for assessing pain. After formalin injection in the palmar surface of the hand just proximal to the base of the fingers, the monkey's responses are rated for 1 h according to objective behavioral criteria.
Meenakshi, Alreja +3 more
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Habenular stimulation produces analgesia in the formalin test
Neuroscience Letters, 1986Electrical stimulation of the habenula produces a striking reduction of continuous, formalin-induced pain in the rat. The analgesia occurs at current levels which do not appear aversive and persists for variable durations, ranging from 1 to 21 min in this experimental situation.
S R, Cohen, R, Melzack
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