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Fundamentals of Freeze-Drying

2002
Given the increasing importance of reducing development time for new pharmaceutical products, formulation and process development scientists must continually look for ways to "work smarter, not harder." Within the product development arena, this means reducing the amount of trial and error empiricism in arriving at a formulation and identification of ...
Steven L, Nail   +3 more
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The Principles of Freeze-Drying

2014
This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of freeze-drying (lyophilization) with particular relevance to stabilizing live cells or viruses for industrial applications as vaccines or seed culture. The chapter discusses the importance of formulation, cycle development, validation, and the need to satisfy pharmaceutical regulatory requirements ...
Gerald D J, Adams   +2 more
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Freezing and freeze-drying

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences, 1975
Abstract Most biological substances are unstable during storage owing to their high water content. This is why numerous attempts have been made over the last 100 years to prevent, by low temperature freezing, metabolic and biochemical degradations.
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The Principles of Freeze-Drying

2007
This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of freeze-drying (lyophilization) with particulars relevance to stabilizing live cells or viruses for industrial applications as vaccines or seed culture. The chapter discusses the importance of formulation, cycle development, validation, and the need to satisfy pharmaceutical regulatory requirements ...
openaire   +2 more sources

Freeze Drying of Pharmaceuticals

2013
Freeze-drying is a key step in many pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, as it provides long-term stability to formulations containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient. This entry first addresses the problem of formulations and various phases of a freeze-drying process, namely freezing, primary and secondary drying.
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Freeze Drying and Microwave Freeze Drying as Encapsulation Methods

2017
Encapsulation is used to protect sensitive materials from adverse environmental conditions and control their release during transportation, storage, and consumption. It is applied in various industrial sectors, such as food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries.
openaire   +1 more source

Freeze-drying of Certain Viruses

Nature, 1965
IT is important that a virus reference laboratory be able to hold viruses in the infectious state for long periods and to transmit them long distances. We have experienced difficulty with some newly isolated viruses of the respiratory tract. Some preparations of para-influenza viruses and rhinoviruses have become non-infectious after being frozen at ...
D A, TYRRELL, B, RIDGWELL
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Cryopreservation and Freeze-Drying of Fungi Employing Centrifugal and Shelf Freeze-Drying

2007
The aim of preserving a fungus is to maintain it in a viable state without change to its genetic, physiological, or anatomical characters. There are numerous methodologies available to preserve a fungus, but the two methods widely used by culture collections (biological or genetic resource centers) to achieve successful preservation are ...
Matthew J, Ryan, David, Smith
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Freeze-Drying of Mammalian Sperm

2014
Long-term preservation of mammalian sperm at suprazero temperatures is desired to save storage and space costs as well as to facilitate transport of preserved samples. This can be accomplished by the freeze-drying of sperm samples. Although freeze-drying results in immotile and membrane-compromised sperm, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can be ...
Levent, Keskintepe, Ali, Eroglu
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FREEZE DRYING

A-to-Z Guide to Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, and Fluids Engineering, 2006
Roberto Bruttini, Athanasios Liapis
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