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Graves’ ophthalmopathy – thyroid eye disease
Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder that affects thyroid. It is caused by antibody, named thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TIS) that acts like thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), resulting in thyroid hormone overproduction – condition called
Dagna Siedlecka +3 more
doaj +3 more sources
Background Graves’ disease is a common autoimmune inflammatory condition of the thyroid. About one in four of affected patients also develop orbital symptoms like exophthalmos, proptosis and diplopia - called Graves’ Ophthalmopathy.
Andrea Rau +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Introduction Intravenous glucocorticoids pulse therapy is the first-line treatment for moderate-to-severe and active Graves’ ophthalmopathy, with a large proportion of patients having poor efficacy and exposed to the risk of glucocorticoids adverse ...
Jing Sun +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy and Biomarkers: Where We Are and What We Can Hope for the Future. [PDF]
Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is the most common autoimmune disease of the orbit. It occurs more often in patients presenting with hyperthyroidism, characteristic of Graves' disease, but may be associated with hypothyroidism or euthyroidism.
De Los Angeles Gracia, M. +4 more
core +3 more sources
Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: update on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management [PDF]
INTRODUCTION: Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is a severe manifestation of thyroid eye disease (TED) that can result in permanent vision loss. Management is complex, multidisciplinary, and involves medical and/or surgical therapies.
Blandford, Alexander D. +3 more
core +1 more source
The article is to overview papers: Effect of vitamin C on the absorption of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism and gastritis. Management of neonates born to women with Graves’ disease: a cohort study.
Yuliya Aleksandrovna Manuylova +1 more
doaj +1 more source
A systematic review of quality of thyroid-specific health-related quality of life instruments recommends ThyPRO for patients with benign thyroid diseases [PDF]
Objective: To appraise the measurement properties of thyroid-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments, and to provide recommendations on the choice of HRQOL instruments.
Lam, CLK, Lang, HHB, Wong, CKH
core +1 more source
Graves’ Ophthalmopathy as an Indication Increased the Risk of Hypoparathyroidism After Bilateral Thyroidectomy [PDF]
BACKGROUND: Studies have evaluated the effect of thyroidectomy on the course of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) but it is unclear how GO as an indication might affect surgical outcomes.
Kai-Pun Wong, Brian Hung-Hin Lang
core +2 more sources
Graves' disease is an inflammatory condition affecting the thyroid gland and the eye. The triad of exophthalmos, goiter, and hyperthyroidism is classic Graves' disease. Each of the signs may appear in an individual patient, although separated by weeks, months, or years.
B W, Fleck, A D, Toft
+6 more sources
Teprotumumab for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy [PDF]
BACKGROUND: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, a condition commonly associated with Graves’ disease, remains inadequately treated. Current medical therapies, which primarily consist of glucocorticoids, have limited efficacy and present safety concerns ...
Antonelli, A +18 more
core +1 more source

