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Characterization of Hemagglutinin Negative Botulinum Progenitor Toxins [PDF]

Toxins, 2017
Botulism is a disease involving intoxication with botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), toxic proteins produced by Clostridium botulinum and other clostridia. The 150 kDa neurotoxin is produced in conjunction with other proteins to form the botulinum progenitor
Suzanne R. Kalb, Jakub Baudys, Theresa J. Smith, Leonard A. Smith, John R. Barr   +4 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Deceleration and rebound of hemagglutinin divergence in influenza B/Victoria across COVID-19 NPI phases (2016–2024) [PDF]

Frontiers in Microbiology
The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped global viral transmission and created a natural experiment to test how non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) influence the evolution of co-circulating pathogens.
Yue Zhang, Bin Fu, Cuilian Yu, Sai Liu, Yongan Wang, Zhao Wang, Zhao Wang, Kezhou Wang   +7 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Hemagglutinin Structure and Activities [PDF]

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 2020
Hemagglutinins (HAs) are the receptor-binding and membrane fusion glycoproteins of influenza viruses. They recognize sialic acid-containing, cell-surface glycoconjugates as receptors but have limited affinity for them, and, as a consequence, virus attachment to cells requires their interaction with several virus HAs. Receptor-bound virus is transferred
Steven J, Gamblin, Sébastien G, Vachieri, Xiaoli, Xiong, Jie, Zhang, Stephen R, Martin, John J, Skehel   +5 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Next-Generation Influenza HA Immunogens and Adjuvants in Pursuit of a Broadly Protective Vaccine

Viruses, 2021
Influenza virus, a highly mutable respiratory pathogen, causes significant disease nearly every year. Current vaccines are designed to protect against circulating influenza strains of a given season.
Kaito A. Nagashima, Jarrod J. Mousa
doaj   +1 more source

Infection of Human Tracheal Epithelial Cells by H5 Avian Influenza Virus Is Regulated by the Acid Stability of Hemagglutinin and the pH of Target Cell Endosomes

Viruses, 2020
Despite the possible relationships between tracheal infection and concomitant infection of the terminal part of the lower respiratory tract (bronchioles/alveoli), the behavior of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), such as H5N1, in the conducting airways is ...
Tomo Daidoji, Junichi Kajikawa, Yasuha Arai, Yohei Watanabe, Ryohei Hirose, Takaaki Nakaya   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

Repositioning Drugs on Human Influenza A Viruses Based on a Novel Nuclear Norm Minimization Method

Frontiers in Physiology, 2021
Influenza A viruses, especially H3N2 and H1N1 subtypes, are viruses that often spread among humans and cause influenza pandemic. There have been several big influenza pandemics that have caused millions of human deaths in history, and the threat of ...
Hang Liang, Li Zhang, Lina Wang, Man Gao, Xiangfeng Meng, Mengyao Li, Junhui Liu, Wei Li, Fanzheng Meng   +8 more
doaj   +1 more source

Influenza Antigens NP and M2 Confer Cross Protection to BALB/c Mice against Lethal Challenge with H1N1, Pandemic H1N1 or H5N1 Influenza A Viruses

Viruses, 2021
Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is considered a major protective antigen of seasonal influenza vaccine but antigenic drift of HA necessitates annual immunizations using new circulating HA versions. Low variation found within conserved non-HA influenza virus
Nutan Mytle, Sonja Leyrer, Jon R. Inglefield, Andrea M. Harris, Thomas E. Hickey, Jacob Minang, Hang Lu, Zhidong Ma, Hanné Andersen, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Tina Guina, Mario H. Skiadopoulos, Michael J. Lacy   +12 more
doaj   +1 more source

Structural Biology of Influenza Hemagglutinin: An Amaranthine Adventure

Viruses, 2020
Hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein is an important focus of influenza research due to its role in antigenic drift and shift, as well as its receptor binding and membrane fusion functions, which are indispensable for viral entry.
Nicholas C. Wu, Ian A. Wilson
doaj   +1 more source

Autoreactivity of Broadly Neutralizing Influenza Human Antibodies to Human Tissues and Human Proteins

Viruses, 2020
Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) against conserved domains in the influenza hemagglutinin are in clinical trials. Several next generation influenza vaccines designed to elicit such bNAbs are also in clinical development.
Surender Khurana, Megan Hahn, Laura Klenow, Hana Golding   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Influenza’s Newest Trick

mBio, 2019
Influenza A viruses are important pathogens for humans and for many birds and mammals. Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are the major surface proteins of this enveloped RNA virus. Hemagglutinin requires proteolytic cleavage for activation, but because the
Jeffery K. Taubenberger
doaj   +1 more source