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The Molecular Biology of HIV Latency
2018HIV remains incurable due to the existence of a reservoir of cells that harbor intact integrated genomes of the virus in the absence of viral replication. This population of infected cells remains invisible to the immune system and is not targeted by the drugs used in the current antiretroviral therapies (cART).
Khoury, Georges +6 more
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Cellular Latency in HIV-1 Infection
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, 1994There are multiple levels of transcriptional regulation that a cell can bring to bear on either native cellular genes or integrated proviral genes. One such level of regulation is inducible sequence-specific transcriptional factors, such as NF-kappa B, which have been extensively investigated with respect to the HIV-1 LTR.
M A, Laughlin, R J, Pomerantz
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Generation of HIV latency during thymopoiesis
Nature Medicine, 2001The use of combination antiretroviral therapy results in a substantial reduction in viremia, a rebound of CD4+ T cells and increased survival for HIV-infected individuals. However, this treatment does not result in the total eradication of HIV. Rather, the virus is thought to remain latent in a subset of cells, where it avoids elimination by the immune
D G, Brooks +4 more
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Underlying mechanisms of HIV-1 latency
Virus Genes, 2017Similarly to other retroviruses, HIV-1 integrates its genome into the cellular chromosome. Expression of viral genes from the integrated viral DNA could then be regulated by the host genome. If the infected cell suppresses viral gene expression, the virus will undergo latency.
Bizhan Romani, Elham Allahbakhshi
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The multifactorial nature of HIV-1 latency
Trends in Molecular Medicine, 2004HIV-1 can avoid host immune responses and antiretroviral drugs through the latent infection of resting memory CD4(+) T cells. Recently, latent viral genomes have been shown to reside within the introns of active host genes. Therefore, latency is not simply due to an inaccessibility of the integrated proviruses to the transcriptional machinery.
Kara, Lassen +4 more
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The Cultured TCM Model of HIV Latency
2022Models to study HIV latency have improved our understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process and have helped in the discovery and development of therapeutic strategies to eradicate HIV. Primary cell models are based on the in vitro generation of latently infected cells using CD4T cells isolated from blood, lymph nodes or other lymphoid organs.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Models of HIV Latency
2018Latently infected cells are very infrequent in CD4+ T cells from antiretroviral (ARV) treated individuals, with only approximately one in a million infected CD4+ T cells in blood. Given the low frequency of infected cells in vivo, multiple in vitro latency models have been developed to facilitate investigations into mechanisms of HIV latency, as well ...
James B, Whitney, R, Brad Jones
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Phylogenies in ART: HIV reservoirs, HIV latency and drug resistance
Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 2019Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality resulting from HIV infection. ART is, however, unable to eradicate HIV, which persists latently in several cell types and tissues. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the proliferation of cells infected before ART initiation is mainly responsible for ...
Bandera A. +3 more
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Molecular Control of HIV and SIV Latency
2017The HIV latent reservoirs are considered as the main hurdle to viral eradication. Numerous mechanisms lead to the establishment of HIV latency and act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. A better understanding of latency is needed in order to ultimately achieve a cure for HIV. The mechanisms underlying latency vary between patients,
DARCIS, Gilles +4 more
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