Results 211 to 220 of about 66,213 (258)

The HPA axis and cocaine reinforcement

Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2002
Scientists have been aware of the existence of a complex relationship between stress and the subsequent activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the endocrine and neurobehavioral effects of cocaine for many years now. Our research program has focused on the involvement of HPA axis activation in cocaine reinforcement using the ...
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HPA axis-rhythms.

Comprehensive Physiology, 2015
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulates circulating levels of glucocorticoid hormones, and is the major neuroendocrine system in mammals that provides a rapid response and defense against stress. Under basal (i.e., unstressed) conditions, glucocorticoids are released with a pronounced circadian rhythm, characterized by peak levels of ...
Spiga, Francesca, Walker, Jamie J, Terry, John R, Lightman, Stafford L   +3 more
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Regulation of the HPA Axis by Cytokines

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 1995
Cytokines are a group of polypeptide mediators, classically associated with the regulation of immunity and inflammation. However, these peptides regulate not only local immune/inflammatory responses, but also elicit many CNS-mediated responses which accompany such immune/inflammatory reactions. This article reviews the evidence that interleukin (IL)-1,
A V, Turnbull, C, Rivier
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Cytokines and HPA Axis Regulation

2003
Compelling data has been amassed indicating that soluble factors, or cytokines, from the immune system can have profound effects on the neuroendocrine system, in particular the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. HPA activation by cytokines, in turn, has been found to play a critical role in restraining and shaping immune responses.
Marni N. Silverman, Brad D. Pearce, Andrew H. Miller   +2 more
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Child maltreatment and the developing HPA axis

Hormones and Behavior, 2006
The developing HPA axis is under strong social regulation in infancy and early childhood and is vulnerable to perturbation in the absence of sensitive, responsive caregiving. Child maltreatment has complex, long-term influences both on basal cortisol levels and on HPA responsivity to pharmacological and psychological stressors, depending on current ...
Amanda R, Tarullo, Megan R, Gunnar
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HPA-axis abnormalities in psychiatrically well controls

Psychiatry Research, 1987
The considerable divergence in the literature describing dexamethasone suppression test (DST) nonsuppression rates among psychiatrically well controls led the authors to explore screening procedures as a possible source of variance. Using what they judged to be a typical screening procedure, the authors eliminated 69 of 128 subjects responding to an ...
W, Coryell, M, Zimmerman
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HPA axis disturbance in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Psychiatry Research, 1989
Twenty nondepressed outpatients with DSM-III obsessive-compulsive disorder entered a 10-week placebo-controlled study of clomipramine and underwent a 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) at baseline; 11 had a repeat DST at the end of treatment: Nonsuppression was rare.
W H, Coryell, D W, Black, M W, Kelly, R, Noyes   +3 more
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Epigenetics/Programming in the HPA Axis

Comprehensive Physiology, 2016
ABSTRACTThe hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis provides physiological adaptations to various environmental stimuli in mammals. These stimuli including maternal care, diet, immune challenge, stress, and others have the potential to stably modify or program the functioning of the HPA axis when experienced early in life or at later critical stages of ...
Jan P, Buschdorf, Michael J, Meaney
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Personality pathology, depression and HPA axis functioning

Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 2001
AbstractHypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning, as measured by the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), has been extensively investigated in major depressive disorder (MDD). Evaluating DST response in MDD patients while simultaneously considering clinically relevant personality disorders may further clarify the contribution of both ...
I., Schweitzer, V., Tuckwell, K., Maguire, J., Tiller   +3 more
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Glucocorticoids and the HPA axis

2001
The glucocorticoids, cortisol and/or corticosterone depending on the species, are steroid hormones produced by cells in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex under the influence of the hypothalamo-pituitary complex (Fig. 1). In normal circumstances their serum concentrations are maintained within narrow limits with pronounced excursions occurring ...
Anne-Marie Cowell, Julia C. Buckingham
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