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Protein kinases are a large family of enzymes catalyzing protein phosphorylation. The human genome contains 518 protein kinase genes, 478 of which belong to the classical protein kinase family and 40 are atypical protein kinases [...]
Jonas Cicenas+3 more
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Autophosphorylation at serine 166 regulates RIP kinase 1-mediated cell death and inflammation [PDF]
Receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) regulates cell death and inflammatory responses downstream of TNFR1 and other receptors, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
Bertrand, Mathieu+11 more
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Integrin Adhesion: When Is a Kinase a Kinase? [PDF]
Recent genetic studies in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans and fruitfly Drosophila have revealed the essential role integrin-linked kinase plays in integrin adhesion - but it apparently acts in this role as an adaptor rather than a kinase.
Christos G. Zervas, Nicholas H. Brown
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In this issue of Cancer Cell, Herrero and colleagues identify an anti-tumorigenic small molecule that blocks ERK dimerization, but neither its catalytic activity nor its phosphorylation by MEK. These findings demonstrate that targeting protein dimerization could be a therapeutic avenue for inhibiting kinase signaling pathways associated with lower drug
Aroon S. Karra+3 more
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The Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase Kinases Are AMP-activated Protein Kinase Kinases [PDF]
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of cellular metabolism in response to metabolic stress and to other regulatory signals. AMPK activity is absolutely dependent upon phosphorylation of AMPKalphaThr-172 in its activation loop by one or more AMPK kinases (AMPKKs).
Anthony R. Means+5 more
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Conserved Docking Site Is Essential for Activation of Mammalian MAP Kinase Kinases by Specific MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases [PDF]
Mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades control various cellular events, ranging from cell growth to apoptosis, in response to external stimuli. A conserved docking site, termed DVD, is found in the mammalian MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs) belonging to the three major subfamilies, namely MEK1, MKK4/7, and MKK3/6.
Kazuo Tatebayashi+3 more
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Regulation and function of TPL-2, an IκB kinase-regulated MAP kinase kinase kinase [PDF]
The IκB kinase (IKK) complex plays a well-documented role in innate and adaptive immunity. This function has been widely attributed to its role as the central activator of the NF-κB family of transcription factors. However, another important consequence of IKK activation is the regulation of TPL-2, a MEK kinase that is required for activation of ERK-1 ...
Thorsten Gantke+2 more
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Xenopus 45-kDa mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase (MAPKK) is a serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase, which activates MAP kinase (MAPK) by phosphorylating its threonine and tyrosine residues. MAPKK is active only when its threonine and/or serine residues are phosphorylated.
Satoshi Matsuda+2 more
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Identification of a MAP kinase kinase kinase in phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells [PDF]
A MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) was identified in phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells which reactivated homogeneous MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) from rabbit skeletal muscle that had been inactivated by incubation with protein phosphatase 2A. Reactivation was accompanied by stoichiometric phosphorylation of MAPKK on a serine residue(s).
Gomez, Nestor+2 more
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Identification and Characterization of a Novel MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase, MLTK [PDF]
The MAPK cascades regulate a wide variety of cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and stress responses. Here we have identified a novel MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), termed MLTK (for MLK-like mitogen-activated protein triple kinase), whose expression is increased by activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway.
Makoto Adachi+2 more
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