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Opioid receptor agonist–antagonists in pain management: receptor specific mechanisms, dose response relationships, and clinical combination strategies [PDF]

Frontiers in Pain Research
Opioid receptor agonist–antagonists occupy a distinctive position between high-efficacy agonists and pure antagonists and have been widely used in clinical pain management.
Sining Zhao, Sining Zhao, Zhiqiang Xue, Shu Wang   +3 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Delta-opioid receptor–mediated neural protection and regeneration [PDF]

Neural Regeneration Research
The delta-opioid receptor was previously viewed as a mediator in pain regulation. Recent data shed light on its specific role in neural protection and regeneration.
Jiahui Li, Yuan Xu, Ziyu Chao, Leena Khiati, Ying Xia   +4 more
doaj   +2 more sources

IUPHAR themed review: Opioid efficacy, bias, and selectivity

Pharmacological Research, 2023
Drugs acting at the opioid receptor family are clinically used to treat chronic and acute pain, though they represent the second line of treatment behind GABA analogs, antidepressants and SSRI’s.
Nokomis Ramos-Gonzalez, Barnali Paul, Susruta Majumdar   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Opportunities and Challenges for In Silico Drug Discovery at Delta Opioid Receptors

Pharmaceuticals, 2022
The delta opioid receptor is a Gi-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with a broad expression pattern both in the central nervous system and the body. The receptor has been investigated as a potential target for a multitude of significant diseases including ...
Yazan J. Meqbil, Richard M. van Rijn
doaj   +1 more source

Opioids and opioid receptors; understanding pharmacological mechanisms as a key to therapeutic advances and mitigation of the misuse crisis

BJA Open, 2023
Opioids are a mainstay in acute pain management and produce their effects and side effects (e.g., tolerance, opioid-use disorder and immune suppression) by interaction with opioid receptors.
David G. Lambert
doaj   +1 more source

Mu Opioid Receptor Heterodimers Emerge as Novel Therapeutic Targets: Recent Progress and Future Perspective

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2020
Opioids are the most effective analgesics used in the clinical management of cancer pain or non-cancer pain. However, chronic opioids therapy can cause many side effects including respiratory depression, nausea, sedation, itch, constipation, analgesic ...
Li Zhang, Jiang-Tao Zhang, Lihua Hang, Tong Liu, Tong Liu   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

A Narrative Pharmacological Review of Buprenorphine: A Unique Opioid for the Treatment of Chronic Pain

Pain and Therapy, 2020
Buprenorphine is a Schedule III opioid analgesic with unique pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties that may be preferable to those of Schedule II full μ-opioid receptor agonists.
Jeffrey Gudin, Jeffrey Fudin
doaj   +1 more source

Estradiol and Mu opioid-mediated reward: The role of estrogen receptors in opioid use

Addiction Neuroscience, 2023
Opioid use and opioid use disorder are characterized by sex and gender differences, and some of these differences may be mediated by differences in the hormonal milieu within and across individuals.
Sarah B. Ethridge, Mark A. Smith
doaj   +1 more source

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Opioid Receptor Pathway Crosstalk and Impact on Opioid Analgesia, Immune Function, and Gastrointestinal Motility

Frontiers in Immunology, 2020
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognizes exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and initiates the innate immune response.
Peng Zhang, Meirong Yang, Chunhua Chen, Liu Liu, Xinchuan Wei, Si Zeng   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

The opioid receptor: emergence through millennia of pharmaceutical sciences

Frontiers in Pain Research, 2023
Throughout history humanity has searched for an optimal approach to the use of opioids that maximizes analgesia while minimizing side effects. This review reflects upon the conceptualization of the opioid receptor and the critical role that the ...
Carolyn A. Fairbanks, Carolyn A. Fairbanks, Carolyn A. Fairbanks, Cristina D. Peterson, Cristina D. Peterson   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source