Definition of a saxitoxin (STX) binding code enables discovery and characterization of the anuran saxiphilin family. [PDF]
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2022 AbstractAmerican bullfrog (Rana castesbeiana) saxiphilin (RcSxph) is a high-affinity ‘toxin sponge’ protein thought to prevent intoxication by saxitoxin (STX), a lethal bis-guanidinium neurotoxin that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs).
Chen Z +9 more
europepmc +5 more sources
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Saxitoxin Research: The Next Frontier for Understanding Marine Dinoflagellate Toxin Biosynthesis and Evolution [PDF]
ToxinsSaxitoxin (STX) is one of the most potent marine neurotoxins, produced by several species of freshwater cyanobacteria and marine dinoflagellates. Although omics-based approaches have advanced our understanding of STX biosynthesis in recent decades, the ...
Buhari Lawan Muhammad +4 more
doaj +2 more sources
Saxitoxin: A Comprehensive Review of Its History, Structure, Toxicology, Biosynthesis, Detection, and Preventive Implications [PDF]
Marine DrugsSaxitoxin (STX) is a potent toxin produced by marine dinoflagellates and freshwater or brackish water cyanobacteria, and is a member of the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs).
Huiyun Deng +5 more
doaj +2 more sources
Structural basis for saxitoxin congener binding and neutralization by anuran saxiphilins [PDF]
Nature CommunicationsDinoflagellates and cyanobacteria produce saxitoxin (STX) and ~50 congeners that disrupt bioelectrical signals by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs). Consuming seafood carrying these toxins causes paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP).
Sandra Zakrzewska +13 more
doaj +2 more sources
Rapid Detection of Saxitoxin Using a Nucleic Acid Aptamer Biosensor Based on Graphene Oxide as a Fluorescence Quencher [PDF]
ToxinsSaxitoxin (STX) is a toxin with paralyzing and lethal properties, necessitating the development of a simple analytical method. This study developed a nucleic acid aptamer biosensor using graphene oxide (GO) as a fluorescence quencher for STX detection ...
Yi Jiao +8 more
doaj +2 more sources
Development of a Quick and Highly Sensitive Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay for Detection of Saxitoxin in Shellfish [PDF]
ToxinsSaxitoxin (STX), an exceptionally potent marine toxin for which no antidote is currently available, is produced by methanogens and cyanobacteria. This poses a significant threat to both shellfish aquaculture and human health.
Chenhao Zhao +8 more
doaj +2 more sources
Sublethal neurotoxicity of saxitoxin in early zebrafish development: Impact on sensorimotor function and neurotransmission systems [PDF]
HeliyonSaxitoxin (STX) represents a marine toxin of significant concern due to its deleterious implications for aquatic ecosystems and public food safety. As a potent paralytic agent, the role of STX in obstructing voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) is well ...
Beatriz Carnicero +8 more
doaj +2 more sources
Transcriptomic insights into polyketides and toxin biosynthesis genes in freshwater dinoflagellates [PDF]
Scientific ReportsFreshwater dinoflagellates are typically considered non-toxic, and their polyketides and toxin biosynthesis genes are largely unexplored. Here, we generated and analyzed the transcriptome of freshwater dinoflagellate Palatinus apiculatus and compared it ...
Buhari Lawan Muhammad +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
Influence of biochar on the removal of Microcystin-LR and Saxitoxin from aqueous solutions [PDF]
Scientific ReportsThe present study assessed the effective use of biochar for the adsorption of two potent HAB toxins namely, Microcystin-LR (MCLR) and Saxitoxin (STX) through a combination of dosage, kinetic, equilibrium, initial pH, and competitive adsorption ...
Cadianne Chambers +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
Saxitoxin potentiates human neuronal cell death induced by Zika virus while sparing neural progenitors and astrocytes [PDF]
Scientific ReportsThe Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic declared in Brazil between 2015 and 2016 was associated with an increased prevalence of severe congenital malformations, including microcephaly.
Leticia R. Q. Souza +10 more
doaj +2 more sources