Results 11 to 20 of about 1,214 (139)

Nutrient-driven regulation of saxitoxin gene expression and toxin production in Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria). [PDF]

J Phycol
Abstract Raphidiopsis raciborskii is a diazotrophic cyanobacterium, globally distributed in aquatic environments and known for forming toxic blooms, thereby affecting ecosystem services. South American strains are producers of saxitoxins, potent neurotoxins harmful to humans and animals.
Zare M, Barçante B, Pimentel JDSM, Giani A.   +3 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Mollusks from Galicia Analyzed by a Fast Refined AOAC 2005.06 Method: Toxicity, Toxin Profile, and Inter-Specific, Spatial, and Seasonal Variations [PDF]

Toxins
Paralytic shellfish poisoning is an important concern for mollusk fisheries, aquaculture, and public health. In Galicia, NW Iberian Peninsula, such toxicity has been monitored for a long time using mouse bioassay.
Juan Blanco, Juan Pablo Lamas, Fabiola Arévalo, Jorge Correa, Tamara Rodríguez-Cabo, Ángeles Moroño   +5 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Saxitoxin linked to deaths of northern fur seals in the Southeast Bering Sea. [PDF]

Mar Mamm Sci
ABSTRACT In August 2024, a northern fur seal mortality event was observed on St. Paul Island, AK in the southeast (SE) Bering Sea. Ten seals in good body condition were found dead along with large accumulations of dead fish on Benson Beach located on St. Paul Island.
Lefebvre KA, Campbell CM, Divine LM, Melovidov P, Hellen H, Huntington KB, Bowers EK, Rouse N, Fachon E, Farrugia TJ, Pickart RS, Lin P, Lago L, Bahr F, Furst E, Duncan CG, Charapata P, Anderson DM, Kurtay G.   +18 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Low Temperature and Cold Stress Significantly Increase Saxitoxins (STXs) and Expression of STX Biosynthesis Genes sxtA4 and sxtG in the Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella [PDF]

Marine Drugs, 2021
Toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp. produce saxitoxins (STXs), whose biosynthesis pathway is affected by temperature. However, the link between the regulation of the relevant genes and STXs’ accumulation and temperature is insufficiently understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of temperature on cellular STXs and the expression of ...
Hansol Kim, Hyunjun Park, Hui Wang, Hah Young Yoo, Jaeyeon Park, Jang-Seu Ki   +5 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Macrocycles of Saxitoxin: Insights into the Structure of Zetekitoxin AB. [PDF]

Chembiochem
Synthetic macrocycles of (+)‐saxitoxin, the causative agent of paralytic shellfish poisoning, have been prepared. These are designed to mimic the macrocyclic core of the proposed structure for zetekitoxin AB. Interestingly, these synthetic macrocycles do not form the C12 hydrate as commonly observed in this family of toxins, casting doubt on the ...
Li W, Paladugu SR, Liles JP, Karthikeyan M, Chase K, Raghuraman S, Sigman MS, Looper RE.   +7 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Salinity Affects Saxitoxins (STXs) Toxicity in the Dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum, with Low Transcription of SXT-Biosynthesis Genes sxtA4 and sxtG [PDF]

Toxins, 2021
Salinity is an important factor for regulating metabolic processes in aquatic organisms; however, its effects on toxicity and STX biosynthesis gene responses in dinoflagellates require further elucidation. Herein, we evaluated the physiological responses, toxin production, and expression levels of two STX synthesis core genes, sxtA4 and sxtG, in the ...
Quynh Thi Nhu Bui, Hansol Kim, Hyunjun Park, Jang-Seu Ki   +3 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Origin of saxitoxin biosynthetic genes in cyanobacteria. [PDF]

PLoS ONE, 2009
BACKGROUND:Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a potentially fatal syndrome associated with the consumption of shellfish that have accumulated saxitoxin (STX). STX is produced by microscopic marine dinoflagellate algae.
Ahmed Moustafa, Jeannette E Loram, Jeremiah D Hackett, Donald M Anderson, F Gerald Plumley, Debashish Bhattacharya   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

Transcriptional responses of Mytilus chilensis exposed in vivo to saxitoxin (STX) [PDF]

Journal of Molluscan Studies, 2013
Saxitoxin (STX) is one of the main phycotoxins that contribute to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). This toxin is mainly produced by marine microalgae of the genus Alexandrium. There is evidence of changes at the physiological level in bivalves exposed to STX, although transcriptional responses to STX in bivalves have not yet been studied.
Núñez-Azuña, G., Aballay, A. E., Hégaret, H., Astuya, A. P., Gallardo-Escárate, C.   +4 more
openaire   +7 more sources

Long term exposure of saxitoxin induced cognitive deficits and YAP1 cytoplasmic retention

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2023
While most studies assessed the acute toxicity of saxitoxin (STX), fewer studies focus on the long-term degenerative effects of STX on the central nervous system.
Shenpan Li, Xiao Chen, Qian Sun, Xiaohu Ren, Jiacheng Zhong, Li Zhou, Hongyu Zhang, Guowei Li, Yungang Liu, Jianjun Liu, Haiyan Huang   +10 more
doaj   +1 more source

Effects ofSaxitoxin (STX) and Veratridine on BacterialNa ⁺ -K ⁺ Fluxes: a Prokaryote-BasedSTXBioassay [PDF]

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2003
ABSTRACT Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent natural sodium channel blocker and represents a significant health concern worldwide. We describe here the antagonistic effects of STX and veratridine (VTD), an Na + channel activator, on three gram-negative bacteria and their application to an STX bioassay. STX reduced
F. Pomati, ROSSETTI, CARLO, D. Calamari, B. A. Neilan   +3 more
openaire   +3 more sources