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Mutations and Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Viruses, 2022
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates target recognition, cellular entry, and ultimately the viral infection that leads to various levels of COVID-19 severities. Positive evolutionary selection of mutations within the spike protein has led to the genesis
Nicholas Magazine, Tianyi Zhang, Yingying Wu, Michael C. McGee, Gianluca Veggiani, Weishan Huang   +5 more
doaj   +2 more sources

ACE2-Independent Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Human Epithelial Cells Is Inhibited by Unfractionated Heparin

Cells, 2021
Coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for COVID-19, depend on virus spike protein binding to host cell receptors to cause infection. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds primarily to ACE2 on target cells and is then processed by membrane ...
Lynda J. Partridge, Lucy Urwin, Martin J. H. Nicklin, David C. James, Luke R. Green, Peter N. Monk   +5 more
doaj   +3 more sources

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit induces pro-inflammatory responses via toll-like receptor 4 signaling in murine and human macrophages

Heliyon, 2021
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has now spread globally. Some patients develop severe complications including multiple organ failure. It has been suggested
Ken Shirato, Takako Kizaki
exaly   +2 more sources

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Elicits Cell Signaling in Human Host Cells: Implications for Possible Consequences of COVID-19 Vaccines

Vaccines, 2021
The world is suffering from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 uses its spike protein to enter the host cells. Vaccines that introduce the spike protein into
Yuichiro J. Suzuki, Sergiy G. Gychka
doaj   +3 more sources

Deducing the N- and O-glycosylation profile of the spike protein of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Glycobiology, 2020
The current emergence of the novel coronavirus pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 demands the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent rapid progress of mortalities.
Asif Shajahan, Nitin T Supekar, Anne S Gleinich   +2 more
exaly   +2 more sources

Mutations in human SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, potential drug binding and epitope sites for COVID-19 therapeutics development

Current Research in Structural Biology, 2022
The comparison of 303,250 human SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sequences with the reference protein sequence Wuhan-Hu-1, showed ∼96.5% of the spike protein sequence has undergone the mutations till date, since outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic disease that was
Kunchur Guruprasad
doaj   +1 more source

The ORF8 Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Modulates the Spike Protein and Its Implications in Viral Transmission

Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022
COVID-19 is currently global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Accompanying the rapid spread of the error-prone RNA-based genome, several dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants have been genetically identified.
Jen-Mei Chou, Jen-Mei Chou, Jo-Ling Tsai, Jo-Ling Tsai, Jo-Ning Hung, Jo-Ning Hung, I-Hua Chen, I-Hua Chen, I-Hua Chen, Szu-Ting Chen, Szu-Ting Chen, Ming-Han Tsai, Ming-Han Tsai, Ming-Han Tsai   +13 more
doaj   +1 more source

A Comprehensive Analysis of Structural and Functional Changes Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mutations

COVID, 2023
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has sparked intense research on its spike protein, which is essential for viral entrance into host cells.
Aganze Gloire-Aimé Mushebenge, Samuel Chima Ugbaja, Nonkululeko Avril Mbatha, Rene B. Khan, Hezekiel M. Kumalo   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: Antibody evasion and cryo-EM structure of spike protein–ACE2 complex

Science, 2022
The newly reported Omicron variant is poised to replace Delta as the most prevalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant across the world. Cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structural analysis of the Omicron variant spike
D. Mannar, J. Saville, Xing Zhu, S. S. Srivastava, A. Berezuk, Katharine S. Tuttle, A. Márquez, Inna Sekirov, S. Subramaniam   +8 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Different In Silico Approaches Using Heterocyclic Derivatives against the Binding between Different Lineages of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2

Molecules, 2023
Over the last few years, the study of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its mutations has become essential in understanding how it interacts with human host receptors.
Federica Sipala, Gianfranco Cavallaro, Giuseppe Forte, Cristina Satriano, Alessandro Giuffrida, Aurore Fraix, Angelo Spadaro, Salvatore Petralia, Carmela Bonaccorso, Cosimo Gianluca Fortuna, Simone Ronsisvalle   +10 more
doaj   +1 more source