Results 81 to 90 of about 25,457 (196)

Axon Initial Segment: Structure, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets

MedComm, Volume 7, Issue 4, April 2026.
The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized axonal domain critical for maintaining neuronal polarity, action potential initiation, and network stability. This review summarizes the necessary elements for maintaining AIS structure and plasticity, discussing crucial biological functions of AIS in neuronal signaling and the neural circuit homeostasis,
Dong‐Yan Song, Lin Yuan, Weiguo Yang, Wen Li, Jia‐Yi Li   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

Decreased cardiac excitability secondary to reduction of sodium current may be a significant contributor to reduced contractility in a rat model of sepsis [PDF]

, 2014
Pembelajaran pada hakekatnya adalah proses interaksi antara peserta didik dengan lingkungannya. Pembelajaran merupakan aktualisasi kurikulum yang menuntut keaktifan guru dalam menciptakan dan menumbuhkan kegiatan peserta didik sesuai dengan rencana yang ...
Andrew Koesters, Kathrin L Engisch, Mark M Rich   +2 more
core   +2 more sources

Efficacy of Retigabine in Treating Weakness in a Mouse Model of Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis

Muscle &Nerve, Volume 73, Issue 4, Page 663-667, April 2026.
ABSTRACT Introduction/Aims Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoKPP) is an ion channelopathy causing episodic skeletal muscle weakness triggered by hypokalemia. Reduced inward rectifier K+ (Kir) channel activity contributes to membrane depolarization and paralysis, suggesting that pharmacologic activation of muscle K+ channels may restore excitability ...
Kirsten Denman, Mark M. Rich
wiley   +1 more source

Spatial variability and depuration of tetrodotoxin in the bivalve Paphies australis from New Zealand

Toxicon: X, 2019
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin responsible for many human intoxications globally. Despite its potency and widespread occurrence in taxonomically diverse species, the primary source of TTX remains uncertain.
Laura Biessy, Kirsty F. Smith, D. Tim Harwood, Michael J. Boundy, Ian Hawes, Susanna A. Wood   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogues in Cephalothrix cf. simula (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) from the Sea of Japan (Peter the Great Gulf): Intrabody Distribution and Secretions

Toxins, 2020
Some nemertean species from the genus Cephalothrix accumulate tetrodotoxin (TTX) in extremely high concentrations. The current study is the first to provide high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) data on tetrodotoxin
Anna E. Vlasenko, Timur Yu. Magarlamov
doaj   +1 more source

Parallel Evolution of Tetrodotoxin Resistance in Three Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Genes in the Garter Snake Thamnophis sirtalis [PDF]

, 2014
Members of a gene family expressed in a single species often experience common selection pressures. Consequently, the molecular basis of complex adaptations may be expected to involve parallel evolutionary changes in multiple paralogs.
Brodie, Edmund D., Chuckalovcak, John P., Edwards, Scott V., Feldman, Chris R., Janes, Daniel E., McGlothlin, Joel W., Pfrender, Michael E.   +6 more
core   +1 more source

Seasonal Changes in the Tetrodotoxin Content of the Flatworm Planocera multitentaculata

Marine Drugs, 2017
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that acts specifically on voltage-gated sodium channels on excitable membranes of muscle and nerve tissues. The biosynthetic process for TTX is unclear, although marine bacteria are generally thought to be the ...
Riko Yamada, Tadasuke Tsunashima, Mitsuki Takei, Tatsunori Sato, Yoshiki Wajima, Makoto Kawase, Shotaro Oshikiri, Yusuke Kajitani, Keita Kosoba, Hiroyuki Ueda, Koko Abe, Shiro Itoi, Haruo Sugita   +12 more
doaj   +1 more source

Modeling of interstitial branching of axonal networks [PDF]

, 2013
A single axon can generate branches connecting with plenty synaptic targets. Process of branching is very important for making connections in central nervous system.
Gafarov, F., Khusnutdinov, N., Suleymanov, Y.   +2 more
core   +2 more sources

The Excelsatoxin A‐Receptor TMEM233 Modulates Nav1.8

The FASEB Journal, Volume 40, Issue 6, 31 March 2026.
TMEM233 is a largely uncharacterized transmembrane protein that enables the sensitivity of Nav1.8 to Excelasatoxin A, a naturally occurring peptide that can significantly reduce the fast inactivation of this ion channel (left) expressed in sensory neurons or different cell lines. Moreover, its presence enhances the use dependent block of Nav1.8 induced
George Oprita, Marvin J. A. Meyer, Daniel Rudolf, Inês C. A. Pombeiro Stein, Jennifer R. Deuis, Hue N. T. Tran, Thomas Durek, Klasfauseweh Tabea, Jami Sina, Stephen G. Waxman, Sulayman D. Dib‐Hajj, Alexandru Babes, Irina Vetter, Andreas Leffler   +13 more
wiley   +1 more source

Novel Polyclonal Antibody Raised against Tetrodotoxin Using Its Haptenic Antigen Prepared from 4,9-anhydrotetrodotoxin Reacted with 1,2-Ethaneditiol and Further Reacted with Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin

Toxins, 2019
A novel polyclonal antibody against tetrodotoxin (TTX) was raised using its haptenic antigen, where 4,9-anhydroTTX was reacted with 1,2-ethanedithiol and this derivative was further reacted with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH).
Shigeru Sato, Suzuka Takaishi, Ko Yasumoto, Shugo Watabe   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source