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Requirements for throughfall monitoring: The roles of temporal scale and canopy complexity [PDF]
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2014 A wide range of basic and applied problems in water resources research requires high-quality estimates of the spatial mean of throughfall. Many throughfall sampling schemes, however, are not optimally adapted to the system under study. The application of
Alexander Zimmermann
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1999
Forest canopies affect the amounts of water and nutrients reaching forest soils. Water and nutrient inputs under forest canopies are thus different from those in nearby open areas. Canopies intercept and retain part of the incident precipitation (intercepted water), which is eventually evaporated from the canopy and lost to the atmosphere.
Juan Bellot, Anna Àvila, Anselm Rodrigo
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Forest canopies affect the amounts of water and nutrients reaching forest soils. Water and nutrient inputs under forest canopies are thus different from those in nearby open areas. Canopies intercept and retain part of the incident precipitation (intercepted water), which is eventually evaporated from the canopy and lost to the atmosphere.
Juan Bellot, Anna Àvila, Anselm Rodrigo
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Throughfall and stem-flow in wheat
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1985Abstract The total amount of water reaching the ground, obtained by sealing the soil surface with latex, was compared with throughfall in the central third of the inter-row of a mature wheat canopy. For both rain and irrigation there were no systematic differences between the two collection methods, which indicates that stem-flow amounts were not ...
D BUTLER, N HUBAND
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Hydrological Processes, 2009
AbstractWe investigated the spatial and seasonal variations in throughfall (Tf) in relation to spatial and seasonal variations in canopy structure and gross rainfall (Rf) and assessed the impacts of the variations in Tf on stand‐scale Tf estimates. We observed the canopy structure expressed as the leaf area index (LAI) once a month and Tf once a week ...
Yoshinori Shinohara +5 more
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AbstractWe investigated the spatial and seasonal variations in throughfall (Tf) in relation to spatial and seasonal variations in canopy structure and gross rainfall (Rf) and assessed the impacts of the variations in Tf on stand‐scale Tf estimates. We observed the canopy structure expressed as the leaf area index (LAI) once a month and Tf once a week ...
Yoshinori Shinohara +5 more
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A phenomenological model for throughfall rendering in real-time
Computer Graphics Forum, 2016This paper aims at rendering interactive visual effects inherent to complex interactions between trees and rain in real-time in order to increase the realism of natural rainy scenes. Such a complex phenomenon involves a great number of physical processes influenced by various interlinked factors and its rendering represents a thorough challenge in ...
Yoann Weber +4 more
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EFFECT OF CANOPY COVER ON THE VOLUME OF RAIN THROUGHFALL
Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2004Stormwater runoff has become increasingly difficult for municipalities to manage as areas experience development. This increase in residential and commercial development has led to a substantial reduction in the natural canopy cover, and post-development plantings have not begun to replace the loss. This study was carried out to establish the extent to
Jeff Cochran +2 more
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A Reassessment of Areal Variability of Throughfall Deposition Measurements
Ecological Applications, 1993Throughfall deposition in a low—elevation red spruce—balsam fir stand in east—central Maine was measured for 10 chemical constituents over four sampling seasons to evaluate areal variability of throughfall deposition measurements. Forty collectors within one stand were sampled weekly and combined to provide 40 monthly samples.
Gregory B, Lawrence, Ivan J, Fernandez
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Spatial variability of throughfall fluxes in a spruce forest
Environmental Pollution, 1993The spatial variability of throughfall deposition of H(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), NO(3)(-), NH(4)(+), O(4)(2-) to a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest was intensively examined during the period October 1986 to October 1987. Large systematic spatial variability of the atmospheric deposition within the forest was observed.
C, Beier, K, Hansen, P, Gundersen
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Ammonia and Nitric Acid Dry Deposition and Throughfall
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 1995Since 1991 measurements of fluxes of ammonia have been carried out periodically at a forest location in the western part of Denmark. The ammonia deposition velocities and fluxes are estimated from gradient measurements done by denuders and micrometeorology.
Andersen, H. V., Hovmand, M. F.
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Throughfall and Stemflow in Wooded Ecosystems
2011Incident precipitation is routed to the subcanopy by throughfall and stemflow. Throughfall is defined as the precipitation that passes directly through a canopy or is initially intercepted by aboveground vegetative surfaces and subsequently drips from the canopy, whereas stemflow is the precipitation that drains from outlying leaves and branches and is
Delphis F. Levia +3 more
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