Results 261 to 270 of about 5,866,745 (304)

Viruses and Toll-like receptors

Microbes and Infection, 2003
Recently a number of viruses, including a poxvirus, herpesvirus, retrovirus and two paramyxoviruses, have been shown to activate cells via Toll-like receptor family members. Here we postulate that although activation via Toll-like receptor molecules can lead to anti-viral innate immune responses, in some cases viruses may use these responses to ...
John C, Rassa, Susan R, Ross
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Toll-like receptors in the skin

Seminars in Immunopathology, 2007
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern-recognition receptors involved in host defense against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Activation of TLRs leads to the production of cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, and upregulation costimulatory and adhesion molecules involved in innate and adaptive immune responses.
Lloyd S, Miller, Robert L, Modlin
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Toll‐like Receptors in Autoimmunity

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008
Both genetic predispositions and environmental factors contribute to the development of autoimmunity. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and their stimulus by pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) is an important prerequisite for the induction of ...
Maria, Fischer, Marc, Ehlers
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Toll-like receptors and sepsis

Current Infectious Disease Reports, 2004
Recent evidence suggests that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a major role in innate immunity to recognize specific molecular patterns derived from pathogens, including lipid, protein, DNA, and RNA, and to fight against pathogens. Each TLR displays a difference in the expression pattern, intracellular localization, and signaling pathway, resulting in ...
Ken J, Ishii, Shizuo, Akira
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Toll‐Like Receptors and Diabetes

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008
Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) recognize molecular patterns relating to a variety of microbial infections. Stimulation through TLRs leads to activation of antigen‐presenting cells, production of inflammatory cytokines creating inflammation, and production of type 1 interferons (IFNs) that include IFN‐α and ‐β, and exerts direct effects on regulatory cells.
Wong, FS, Wen, L
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Toll-like receptors and cancer

Nature Reviews Cancer, 2008
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that are best-known for their role in host defence from infection. Emerging evidence also suggests that TLRs have an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by regulating the inflammatory and tissue repair responses to injury. The development of cancer has been associated
Seth, Rakoff-Nahoum, Ruslan, Medzhitov
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Viruses and Toll-like receptors

Microbes and Infection, 2004
Production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons by mammalian cells is mediated through virus-specific activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Known roles for different TLRs and speculation as to their roles in viral pathogenesis and immunity are discussed in this review.
Robert W, Finberg, Evelyn A, Kurt-Jones
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Toll-like Receptors in the Cornea

The Ocular Surface, 2005
We propose that activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the corneal epithelium in response to exposure to microbial products leads to production of CXC chemokines and recruitment of neutrophils to the stroma, increasing stromal thickness and causing haze. A schematic is presented showing the proposed role of TLRs in the inflammatory process.
Angela, Johnson, Eric, Pearlman
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Toll-like receptors and atopy

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2005
The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a recently discovered family of receptors involved in the innate recognition of pathogens. TLRs have much homology to the IL-1 receptor family and the Drosophila Toll protein, and at least 10 distinct TLRs have now been identified in human subjects (Fig 1).
Pierre Olivier, Fiset, Meri Katarina, Tulic, Qutayba, Hamid   +2 more
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Toll-like receptors in the spotlight

Nature Immunology, 2003
Evidence that the relatively new field of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has come of age was apparent at a meeting held by the Biochemical Society at the Novartis Respiratory Centre in Horsham, UK, on 3 February 2003. The meeting covered a wide range of topics including how the innate response is tailored to the invading pathogen, how TLRs might have ...
Luke A J, O'Neill, Zarin, Brown, Stephen G, Ward   +2 more
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