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Biosensors for Biotoxins Detection and Monitoring

Advanced Sensor Research, Volume 5, Issue 6, June 2026.
This review examines state‐of‐the‐art biosensing platforms for biotoxin detection, including antibody‐, aptamer‐, CRISPR‐, nanopore‐, whole cells‐ and MIP‐based sensors. It highlights advances in ultra‐sensitive detection, real‐matrix validation in food and water, and multiplexed analysis, and discusses how the integration with machine learning ...
Alissa Agerova, Juan Francisco Bada Juarez, Matteo Dal Peraro   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

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Structure of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1

Biochemistry, 1993
The three-dimensional structure of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) from Staphylococcus aureus has been determined and refined to an R value of 0.226 for data between 8- and 2.5-A resolution. Overall, the structure of TSST-1 is similar to that of another superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB).
G S, Prasad, C A, Earhart, D L, Murray, R P, Novick, P M, Schlievert, D H, Ohlendorf   +5 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Ecology of Toxic Shock Syndrome: Amplification of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 by Materials of Medical Interest

Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1989
Historically, the literature suggests that staphylococcal exoproteins, including enterotoxins, are stimulated by various physicochemical ecologic factors, many of which have been shown to stimulate production of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1).
P M, Tierno, B A, Hanna
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Mutations Affecting the Activity of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1

Biochemistry, 1994
Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), the potent staphylococcal exoprotein linked to most cases of the toxic shock syndrome, is a V beta-restricted T-cell mitogen (a so-called "superantigen"). TSST-ovine (TSST-O) is a natural variant of TSST-1, and is produced by certain ovine mastitis-associated strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
R L, Deresiewicz, J, Woo, M, Chan, R W, Finberg, D L, Kasper   +4 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1, Toxic Shock, and the Immune System

1991
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a severe multisystem disorder characterized by high fever, hypotension, generalized erythroderma, desquamation of the skin, and dysfunction of multiple organ systems (Chesney 1989; Davis et al. 1980; Todd et al. 1978).
T, Chatila, P, Scholl, F, Spertini, N, Ramesh, N, Trede, R, Fuleihan, R S, Geha   +6 more
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Purification and Purity Assessment of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1

Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1989
Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) was partially purified from culture supernatants by SP-Sephadex C-25 ion-exchange chromatography and subsequent Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. This protein had an apparent molecular weight of 24,000 and an isoelectric point of 7.0.
P M, Rosten, K H, Bartlett, A W, Chow
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Localization of a Biologically Important Epitope on Toxic-Shock-Syndrome Toxin-1

Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1988
A monoclonal antibody, designated B-14, inhibits the nonspecific T lymphocyte mitogenicity of toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), and the antibody binds to an internal cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragment (Mr, 14,000) of the toxin. The epitope recognized by B-14 was further localized to include a decapeptide at the NH2-terminus of the CNBr fragment. The
B G, Murphy, B N, Kreiswirth, R P, Novick, P M, Schlievert   +3 more
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Latex agglutination test for staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1986
A reversed passive latex agglutination method, in which latex particles were sensitized with specific anti-toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) immunoglobulin, was found to be a simple and sensitive method for the detection of TSST-1 production by Staphylococcus aureus strains. The minimum amount of TSST-1 detectable was approximately 1.0 ng/ml. Of 41
H, Igarashi, H, Fujikawa, M, Shingaki, M S, Bergdoll   +3 more
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Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 Is Encoded by a Variable Genetic Element

Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1989
The primary cause of toxic shock syndrome is toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), a 22,049-dalton exotoxin. Approximately 20% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates produce TSST-1; the production of this toxin is therefore a variable genetic trait. The TSST-1 gene and its flanking sequences are found on a genetic element that is present in TSST-1-positive
B N, Kreiswirth, S J, Projan, P M, Schlievert, R P, Novick   +3 more
openaire   +2 more sources