CD28: Direct and Critical Receptor for Superantigen Toxins
Toxins, 2013 Every adaptive immune response requires costimulation through the B7/CD28 axis, with CD28 on T-cells functioning as principal costimulatory receptor. Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen toxins hyperstimulate the T-cell-mediated immune response ...
Raymond Kaempfer
exaly +3 more sources
Bacterial Superantigen Toxins, CD28, and Drug Development
Toxins, 2018 During severe bacterial infections, death and disease are often caused by an overly strong immune response of the human host. Acute toxic shock is induced by superantigen toxins, a diverse set of proteins secreted by Gram-positive staphylococcal and ...
Raymond Kaempfer
exaly +3 more sources
Assessment of the Functional Regions of the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B
Toxins, 2013 The functional activity of superantigens is based on capacity of these microbial proteins to bind to both the β-chain of the T cell receptor (TcR) and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dimer.
Thomas J. Rogers, Lily Zhang
exaly +3 more sources
Acquisition of toxin-encoding lysogenic bacteriophage elements enhances the virulence of pandemic Streptococcus pyogenes M1UK [PDF]
Infection and ImmunityMultiple countries have observed an alarming increase in scarlet fever cases, and invasive infections often associated with a new sublineage of Streptococcus pyogenes known as M1UK.
Juan Manuel Díaz +11 more
doaj +2 more sources
Evidence that staphylococcal superantigens promote within-patient bacterial persistence following post-operative surgical site infection [PDF]
Infection and ImmunityStaphylococcus aureus is a predominant cause of post-operative surgical site infections and persistent bacteremia. Here, we describe a patient who experienced three episodes of S.
Karine Dufresne +10 more
doaj +2 more sources
Proinflammatory synergy between protease and superantigen streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins [PDF]
Infection and ImmunityStreptococcal pyogenic exotoxins (Spe proteins) secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS) are responsible for scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
Anders F. Johnson +5 more
doaj +2 more sources
Distribution of emm types and superantigens among group A Streptococcus isolates recovered from northern Tshwane, South Africa [PDF]
Southern African Journal of Infectious DiseasesBackground: Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a human pathogen that causes various diseases ranging from localised infections to toxin- and immune-mediated conditions.
Matete O. Kgasha +5 more
doaj +2 more sources
Abrin Toxin Paradoxically Increases Protein Synthesis in Stimulated CD4+ T-Cells While Decreasing Protein Synthesis in Kidney Cells [PDF]
Current Issues in Molecular BiologyAbrin, a toxin of the rosary pea plant (Abras precatorius), has been implicated as causing an autoimmune demyelinating disease in humans, but the exact mechanisms responsible for the induction of these demyelinating conditions are still unknown.
Bradley Hernlem, Reuven Rasooly
doaj +2 more sources
Role of Infectious Agents in the Etiology of Kawasaki Disease [PDF]
Pediatric Infectious Disease, 2022 Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystemic childhood vasculitis that predominantly affects the coronary arteries. The constellation of clinical features in KD, such as, acute onset of fever, redness of lips and oral mucosa, rash, swelling over palms and ...
Aaqib Banday +2 more
doaj +1 more source
eLife, 2021 Influenza pandemics pose public health threats annually for lacking vaccine that provides cross-protection against novel and emerging influenza viruses.
Yansheng Li +11 more
doaj +1 more source