Bacterial Superantigen Toxins, CD28, and Drug Development
Toxins, 2018 During severe bacterial infections, death and disease are often caused by an overly strong immune response of the human host. Acute toxic shock is induced by superantigen toxins, a diverse set of proteins secreted by Gram-positive staphylococcal and ...
Raymond Kaempfer, Kaempfer Raymond
exaly +4 more sources
CD28: Direct and Critical Receptor for Superantigen Toxins
Toxins, 2013 Every adaptive immune response requires costimulation through the B7/CD28 axis, with CD28 on T-cells functioning as principal costimulatory receptor. Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen toxins hyperstimulate the T-cell-mediated immune response ...
Raymond Kaempfer +2 more
exaly +4 more sources
Assessment of the Functional Regions of the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B
Toxins, 2013 The functional activity of superantigens is based on capacity of these microbial proteins to bind to both the β-chain of the T cell receptor (TcR) and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dimer.
Lily Zhang +2 more
exaly +4 more sources
Binding of superantigen toxins into the CD28 homodimer interface is essential for induction of cytokine genes that mediate lethal shock. [PDF]
PLoS Biology, 2011 Bacterial superantigens, a diverse family of toxins, induce an inflammatory cytokine storm that can lead to lethal shock. CD28 is a homodimer expressed on T cells that functions as the principal costimulatory ligand in the immune response through an ...
Gila Arad +9 more
doaj +2 more sources
Generation of Novel Tumour-Selective SEA Superantigen-Based Peptides with Improved Safety and Efficacy for Precision Cancer Immunotherapy [PDF]
International Journal of Molecular SciencesBacterial superantigens are T-cell-stimulatory protein molecules which produce massive cytokines and cause human diseases. Due to their ability to activate up to 20% of resting T-cells, they have effectively killed T-cell-dependent tumours in vivo ...
Sara S Bashraheel +2 more
exaly +4 more sources
Acquisition of toxin-encoding lysogenic bacteriophage elements enhances the virulence of pandemic Streptococcus pyogenes M1UK [PDF]
Infection and ImmunityMultiple countries have observed an alarming increase in scarlet fever cases, and invasive infections often associated with a new sublineage of Streptococcus pyogenes known as M1UK.
Juan Manuel Díaz +11 more
doaj +2 more sources
Lack of evidence for superantigen activity of Toxoplasma gondii towards human T cells
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2001 Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite whose life cycle may include man as an intermediate host. More than 500 million people are infected with this parasite worldwide. It has been previously reported that T.
A.L. Vallochi +8 more
doaj +2 more sources
Evidence that staphylococcal superantigens promote within-patient bacterial persistence following post-operative surgical site infection [PDF]
Infection and ImmunityStaphylococcus aureus is a predominant cause of post-operative surgical site infections and persistent bacteremia. Here, we describe a patient who experienced three episodes of S.
Karine Dufresne +10 more
doaj +2 more sources
Proinflammatory synergy between protease and superantigen streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins [PDF]
Infection and ImmunityStreptococcal pyogenic exotoxins (Spe proteins) secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS) are responsible for scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
Anders F. Johnson +5 more
doaj +2 more sources
Distribution of emm types and superantigens among group A Streptococcus isolates recovered from northern Tshwane, South Africa [PDF]
Southern African Journal of Infectious DiseasesBackground: Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a human pathogen that causes various diseases ranging from localised infections to toxin- and immune-mediated conditions.
Matete O. Kgasha +5 more
doaj +2 more sources