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Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Clinical Pathogens [PDF]
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are prevalent in bacteria and archaea. Although not essential for normal cell growth, TA systems are implicated in multiple cellular functions associated with survival under stress conditions. Clinical strains of bacteria are currently causing major human health problems as a result of their multidrug resistance ...
Rodolfo García-Contreras +2 more
exaly +6 more sources
parD toxin–antitoxin system of plasmid R1 – basic contributions, biotechnological applications and relationships with closely‐related toxin–antitoxin systems [PDF]
Toxin–antitoxin systems, as found in bacterial plasmids and their host chromosomes, play a role in the maintenance of genetic information, as well as in the response to stress.
Elizabeth Diago Navarro +2 more
exaly +2 more sources
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Journal of the American Medical Association, 1926
Toxin-antitoxin mixture, as now made in accordance with the technic of Park1and his assistants, has proved itself remarkably free of the protein element from the clinical as well as the laboratory standpoint. A five year clinical study has proved satisfactorily the inability of toxin-antitoxin to sensitize individuals to horse protein; this conclusion ...
EDWARD L. BAUER, H. B. WILMER
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Toxin-antitoxin mixture, as now made in accordance with the technic of Park1and his assistants, has proved itself remarkably free of the protein element from the clinical as well as the laboratory standpoint. A five year clinical study has proved satisfactorily the inability of toxin-antitoxin to sensitize individuals to horse protein; this conclusion ...
EDWARD L. BAUER, H. B. WILMER
openaire +1 more source
Toxins-antitoxins: diversity, evolution and function
Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2011Genes for toxin-antitoxin (TA) complexes are widespread in prokaryote genomes, and species frequently possess tens of plasmid and chromosomal TA loci. The complexes are categorized into three types based on genetic organization and mode of action.
Hayes, Finbarr, Van Melderen, Laurence
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Journal of the American Medical Association, 1927
In October, 1925, the health department of Kansas City, in conjunction and cooperation with the school board, undertook to inaugurate a campaign for the prevention of diphtheria. Having a good understanding of conditions in the past, particularly with respect to contagious diseases here, we estimated that if we could reach 20 per cent of the total ...
JOHN L. LAVAN, E. C. BLACK
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In October, 1925, the health department of Kansas City, in conjunction and cooperation with the school board, undertook to inaugurate a campaign for the prevention of diphtheria. Having a good understanding of conditions in the past, particularly with respect to contagious diseases here, we estimated that if we could reach 20 per cent of the total ...
JOHN L. LAVAN, E. C. BLACK
openaire +1 more source
Ribonucleases in bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms, 2013Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in bacteria and archaea and play important roles in a diverse range of cellular activities. TA systems have been broadly classified into 5 types and the targets of the toxins are diverse, but the most frequently used cellular target is mRNA.
Cook, Gregory M. +6 more
openaire +3 more sources
A toxin–antitoxin module as a target for antimicrobial development
Plasmid, 2010The emergence and spread of pathogenic bacteria that have become resistant to multiple antibiotics through lateral gene transfer have created the need of novel antimicrobials. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules, which have been implicated in plasmid maintenance and stress management, are ubiquitous among plasmids from vancomycin or methicillin resistant ...
Juan C Alonso +2 more
exaly +3 more sources
Bacterial Persistence and Toxin-Antitoxin Loci
Annual Review of Microbiology, 2012Bacterial persistence is caused by the presence of rare, slowly growing bacteria among populations of rapidly growing cells. The slowly growing bacteria are tolerant of antibiotics and other environmental insults, whereas their isogenic, rapidly growing siblings are sensitive.
Gerdes K, Maisonneuve E
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Crystallization of Doc and the Phd–Doc toxin–antitoxin complex [PDF]
The phd/doc addiction system is responsible for the stable inheritance of lysogenic bacteriophage P1 in its plasmidic form in Escherichia coli and is the archetype of a family of bacterial toxin-antitoxin modules. The His66Tyr mutant of Doc (Doc(H66Y)) was crystallized in space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 53.1, b = 198.0, c = 54.1 A ...
Ehud Gazit +2 more
exaly +6 more sources
Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Bacteria and Archaea
Annual Review of Genetics, 2011Almost all bacteria and many archaea contain genes whose expression inhibits cell growth and may lead to cell death when overproduced, reminiscent of apoptotic genes in higher systems. The cellular targets of these toxins are quite diverse and include DNA replication, mRNA stability, protein synthesis, cell-wall biosynthesis, and ATP synthesis.
Yoshihiro, Yamaguchi +2 more
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