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Evolutionary history of Caulobacter toxin–antitoxin systems
Current Microbiology, 2021Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems have been studied in many bacterial genera, but a clear understanding of the evolutionary trajectory of TA operons has not emerged. To address this issue, I identified 42 distinct TA operons in three genomes that represent the three branches of the Caulobacter phylogenetic tree. The location of each operon was then examined
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Toxin-antitoxin systems in mycobacterial infections
2021With an increase in antibiotic therapy failure, there has been a surge of research to understand antibiotic persistence. The distinct subpopulation of cells that can survive antibiotic treatment are called “persisters”. The persister cells also account for group of cells that cause “persistent infection” by evading human immune system, for example ...
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Molecular stripping underpins derepression of a toxin–antitoxin system
Nature Structural & Molecular BiologyTranscription factors control gene expression; among these, transcriptional repressors must liberate the promoter for derepression to occur. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are bacterial elements that autoregulate their transcription by binding the promoter in a T:A ratio-dependent manner, known as conditional cooperativity.
Grzegorz J. Grabe +7 more
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Prokaryotic toxin–antitoxin systems: novel regulations of the toxins
Current Genetics, 2016Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widely conserved in prokaryotic plasmids and chromosomes and are linked to many roles in cell physiology, including plasmid maintenance, stress response, persistence and protection from phage infection. A TA system is composed of a stable toxin and a labile antitoxin that inhibits a harmful effect of the cognate toxin ...
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[Functions of bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin systems].
Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology, 2019TA (Toxin-Antitoxin) systems are widely spread in chromosomes and plasmids of bacteria and archaea. These systems consist of two co-expression genes, encoding stable toxin and sensitive antitoxin, respectively. The toxicity of toxins usually inhibits bacterial growth and antitoxins can neutralize the toxins.
Zhili, He, Hui, Wang
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Type VII Toxin/Antitoxin Classification System for Antitoxins That Enzymatically Neutralize Toxins
Trends in Microbiology, 2021Yi-Cheng Sun +2 more
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Toxin–Antitoxin Systems: Classification, Biological Roles, and Applications
Microbiological Research, 2022Xin'an Jiao, Chengkun Zheng
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