Results 181 to 190 of about 18,051 (202)
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Evolutionary history of Caulobacter toxin–antitoxin systems
Current Microbiology, 2021Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems have been studied in many bacterial genera, but a clear understanding of the evolutionary trajectory of TA operons has not emerged. To address this issue, I identified 42 distinct TA operons in three genomes that represent the three branches of the Caulobacter phylogenetic tree. The location of each operon was then examined
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Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: Implications for Plant Disease
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2017Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are gene modules that are ubiquitous in free-living prokaryotes. Diverse in structure, cellular function, and fitness roles, TA systems are defined by the presence of a toxin gene that suppresses bacterial growth and a toxin-neutralizing antitoxin gene, usually encoded in a single operon.
T, Shidore, L R, Triplett
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Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Bacteria and Archaea
Annual Review of Genetics, 2011Almost all bacteria and many archaea contain genes whose expression inhibits cell growth and may lead to cell death when overproduced, reminiscent of apoptotic genes in higher systems. The cellular targets of these toxins are quite diverse and include DNA replication, mRNA stability, protein synthesis, cell-wall biosynthesis, and ATP synthesis.
Yoshihiro, Yamaguchi +2 more
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[Functions of bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin systems].
Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology, 2019TA (Toxin-Antitoxin) systems are widely spread in chromosomes and plasmids of bacteria and archaea. These systems consist of two co-expression genes, encoding stable toxin and sensitive antitoxin, respectively. The toxicity of toxins usually inhibits bacterial growth and antitoxins can neutralize the toxins.
Zhili, He, Hui, Wang
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Toxin–antitoxin systems: why so many, what for?
Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2010Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic modules that are abundant in bacterial genomes. Three types have been described so far, depending on the nature and mode of action of the antitoxin component. While type II systems are surprisingly highly represented because of their capacity to move by horizontal gene transfer, type I systems appear to ...
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Regulation of growth and death in Escherichia coli by toxin–antitoxin systems
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2011Yoshihiro Yamaguchi, Masayori Inouye
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Prokaryotic toxin–antitoxin stress response loci
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2005Kenn Gerdes, Anders Løbner-Olesen
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