Results 201 to 210 of about 102,247,329 (239)
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The Validation and Acceptance of Alternatives to Animal Testing
Toxicology in Vitro, 1999Validation is the key to the regulatory status of alternative methods. A series of questions are put, to which answers are given, including the following: What is validation? What is meant by "relevance", "reliability" and "purpose"? Why and when is formal validation necessary? What comes before and after a formal validation study?
M, Balls, J H, Fentem
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Harmonisation of Animal Testing Alternatives in China
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 2017More and more countries are lining up to follow the EU's approach and implement a full ban on the sale of cosmetics that have been tested on animals, which has been the case in the EU since 2013. Besides animal welfare considerations, the need for mutual acceptance of data (MAD) and harmonisation of the global market have made the move toward non ...
Shujun, Cheng, Xiaoting, Qu, Yao, Qin
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Animals and Alternatives in Toxicity Testing
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 1985Animals and alternatives in toxicity testing , Animals and alternatives in toxicity testing , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور ...
Michael Balls +2 more
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Alternatives to Animal Testing in the Safety Evaluation of Products
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 2002The conventional method for assessing the safety of products, ranging from pharmaceuticals to agrochemicals, biocides and industrial and household chemicals — including cosmetics — involves determining their toxicological properties by using experimental animals. The aim is to identify any possible adverse effects in humans by using these animal models.
Derek J, Knight, Damien, Breheny
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Trend on alternative to animal testing
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2007For the promotion of 3R's (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement) principles of animal tests, the EU and US established the European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) and the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM), respectively.
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[Alternatives to animal testing].
Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine, 2010The use of alternative methods to animal testing are an integral part of the 3Rs concept (refine, reduce, replace) defined by Russel & Burch in 1959. These approaches include in silico methods (databases and computer models), in vitro physicochemical analysis, biological methods using bacteria or isolated cells, reconstructed enzyme systems, and ...
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Toxicity testing: the search for an in vitro alternative to animal testing
British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2009Prior to introduction to the clinic, pharmaceuticals must undergo rigorous toxicity testing to ensure their safety. Traditionally, this has been achieved using in vivo animal models. However, besides ethical reasons, there is a continual drive to reduce the number of animals used for this purpose due to concerns such as the lack of concordance seen ...
J E, May +4 more
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Advancing alternative methods to reduce animal testing
ScienceEmerging approaches show promise for regulatory ...
Chad P, Nelson +15 more
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Alternatives to Animals in Toxicity Testing
Scientific American, 1989A M, Goldberg, J M, Frazier
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The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
Toxicological Sciences, 1984The Center strives to develop new non-whole-animal test methodologies based on understanding mechanisms of toxicity of chemicals, consumer products, and drugs for the evaluation of safety. The Center will strive for scientific excellence, and to provide superior methods which will replace existing strategies.
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