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Chemical & Engineering News Archive, 2007
TESTING CHEMICALS on animals for human toxicity should be greatly reduced and can potentially be eliminated in favor of experiments using cells, cell lines, or cellular components, says a National Research Council report released last week. Advances in systems biology and methods to test cells and tissues are fundamentally changing the way scientists ...
CHERYL HOGUE, JEFF JOHNSON
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TESTING CHEMICALS on animals for human toxicity should be greatly reduced and can potentially be eliminated in favor of experiments using cells, cell lines, or cellular components, says a National Research Council report released last week. Advances in systems biology and methods to test cells and tissues are fundamentally changing the way scientists ...
CHERYL HOGUE, JEFF JOHNSON
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Harmonisation of Animal Testing Alternatives in China
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 2017More and more countries are lining up to follow the EU's approach and implement a full ban on the sale of cosmetics that have been tested on animals, which has been the case in the EU since 2013. Besides animal welfare considerations, the need for mutual acceptance of data (MAD) and harmonisation of the global market have made the move toward non ...
Shujun, Cheng, Xiaoting, Qu, Yao, Qin
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Animals and Alternatives in Toxicity Testing
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 1985Animals and alternatives in toxicity testing , Animals and alternatives in toxicity testing , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور ...
Michael Balls +2 more
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Advancing alternative methods to reduce animal testing
ScienceEmerging approaches show promise for regulatory ...
Chad P, Nelson +15 more
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Risk assessment: alternatives to animal testing
1997All new chemicals manufactured specifically for use in food are required to be evaluated for safety. Such chemicals which are intentionally incorporated into foods are additives, and this chapter focuses on their safety assessment. Each proposed food additive is subjected to various in vivo and in vitro assays, which may include tests for genotoxicity,
C. L. Broadhead, R. D. Combes, M. Balls
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Trend on alternative to animal testing
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2007For the promotion of 3R's (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement) principles of animal tests, the EU and US established the European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) and the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM), respectively.
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[Alternatives to animal testing].
Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine, 2010The use of alternative methods to animal testing are an integral part of the 3Rs concept (refine, reduce, replace) defined by Russel & Burch in 1959. These approaches include in silico methods (databases and computer models), in vitro physicochemical analysis, biological methods using bacteria or isolated cells, reconstructed enzyme systems, and ...
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The Validation and Acceptance of Alternatives to Animal Testing
Toxicology in Vitro, 1999Validation is the key to the regulatory status of alternative methods. A series of questions are put, to which answers are given, including the following: What is validation? What is meant by "relevance", "reliability" and "purpose"? Why and when is formal validation necessary? What comes before and after a formal validation study?
M, Balls, J H, Fentem
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