Onset of Anthrax Toxin Pore Formation [PDF]
Biophysical Journal, 2006 Protective antigen (PA) is the anthrax toxin protein recognized by capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2), a transmembrane cellular receptor. Upon activation, seven ligand-receptor units self-assemble into a heptameric ring-like complex that becomes endocytozed by the host cell. A critical step in the subsequent intoxication process is the formation and
Gao, Mu, Schulten, Klaus
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Dendritic-Cell (DC)-Based Immunotherapy: Tumor Endothelial Marker 8 (TEM8) Gene Expression of DC Vaccines Correlates with Clinical Outcome [PDF]
, 2008 \ud Previous studies have shown that tumor-endothelial markers (TEMs) are upregulated in immunosuppressive, pro-angiogenic dendritic cells (DCs) found in tumor microenvironments. \ud We reported that pro-angiogenic monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs), utilized
Bolli, Elisabetta +2 more
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Pinpointing anthrax-toxin inhibitors
Nature Biotechnology, 2002 Anthrax toxin consists of three components: protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF). Individually, they are nontoxic.
Glick, Meir +2 more
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A Drosophila Model for Clostridium difficile Toxin CDT Reveals Interactions with Multiple Effector Pathways. [PDF]
, 2020 Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) cause severe and occasionally life-threatening diarrhea. Hyper-virulent strains produce CDT, a toxin that ADP-ribosylates actin monomers and inhibits actin polymerization.
Bier, Ethan +4 more
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mSphere, 2020 Protective antigen (PA) is a component of anthrax toxin that can elicit toxin-neutralizing antibody responses. PA is also the major antigen in the current vaccine to prevent anthrax, but stability problems with recombinant proteins have complicated the ...
Fabiana Freire Mendes de Oliveira +7 more
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The Disulfide Bond Cys255-Cys279 in the Immunoglobulin-Like Domain of Anthrax Toxin Receptor 2 Is Required for Membrane Insertion of Anthrax Protective Antigen Pore. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2015 Anthrax toxin receptors act as molecular clamps or switches that control anthrax toxin entry, pH-dependent pore formation, and translocation of enzymatic moieties across the endosomal membranes.
Pedro Jacquez +12 more
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Pathogens, 2022 Bacillus cereus group bacteria containing the anthrax toxin genes can cause fatal anthrax pneumonia in welders. Two welder’s anthrax cases identified in 2020 were investigated to determine the source of each patient’s exposure. Environmental sampling was
Patrick Dawson +33 more
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Following Natures Lead: On the Construction of Membrane-Inserted Toxins in Lipid Bilayer Nanodiscs [PDF]
, 2014 Bacterial toxin or viral entry into the cell often requires cell surface binding and endocytosis. The endosomal acidification induces a limited unfolding/refolding and membrane insertion reaction of the soluble toxins or viral proteins into their ...
Akkaladevi, Narahari +8 more
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Spending to Death: Wasteful Government Spending, Transparency Failures, and the Secretive World of Federal Dog Experiments [PDF]
, 2016 "The Government Accountability Office has stated, "For decades…the public has been concerned that dogs and cats used in research could be treated inhumanely…"Indeed, in 1966, the U.S.
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Adenoviral expression of a bispecific VHH-based neutralizing agent that targets protective antigen provides prophylactic protection from anthrax in mice [PDF]
, 2016 Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, secretes three polypeptides, which form the bipartite lethal and edema toxins (LT and ET, respectively).
Cheung, Gordon Y.C. +9 more
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