Antigenic variation in the African trypanosome: molecular mechanisms and phenotypic complexity [PDF]
, 2009 Antigenic variation is an immune evasion strategy that has evolved in viral, bacterial and protistan pathogens. In the African trypanosome this involves stochastic switches in the composition of a variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat, using a massive ...
Marcello, Lucio +2 more
core +1 more source
Selection of neutralizing antibody escape mutants with type A influenza virus HA-specific polyclonal antisera: possible significance for antigenic drift [PDF]
, 1997 Ten antisera were produced in rabbits by two or three intravenous injections of inactivated whole influenza type A virions. All contained haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody directed predominantly to an epitope in antigenic site B and, in addition,
Cleveland, S. Matthew +2 more
core +2 more sources
mBio, 2018 Genomic analysis reveals extensive sequence variation and hot spots of recombination in surface proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. While this phenomenon is commonly attributed to diversifying selection by host immune responses, there is little ...
M. Georgieva +4 more
doaj +1 more source
In vivo evidence for quasispecies distributions in the bovine respiratory syncytial virus genome [PDF]
, 2007 We analyzed the genetic evolution of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) isolate W2-00131, from its isolation in bovine turbinate (BT) cells to its inoculation in calves.
Bonnet, Marion +5 more
core +1 more source
Spirochetal Lipoproteins and Immune Evasion. [PDF]
, 2017 Spirochetes are a major threat to public health. However, the exact pathogenesis of spirochetal diseases remains unclear. Spirochetes express lipoproteins that often determine the cross talk between the host and spirochetes.
Boyadjian, Ani +2 more
core +1 more source
eLife, 2019 Dengue virus (DENV) exists as four genetically distinct serotypes, each of which is historically assumed to be antigenically uniform. Recent analyses suggest that antigenic heterogeneity may exist within each serotype, but its source, extent and impact ...
Sidney M Bell +2 more
doaj +1 more source
mBio, 2020 The protozoan parasites that cause malaria infect a wide variety of vertebrate hosts, including birds, reptiles, and mammals, and the evolutionary pressures inherent to the host-parasite relationship have profoundly shaped the genomes of both host and ...
Michelle C. Siao +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Substitutions near the hemagglutinin receptor-binding site determine the antigenic evolution of influenza A H3N2 viruses in U.S. swine [PDF]
, 2014 Swine influenza A virus is an endemic and economically important pathogen in pigs, with the potential to infect other host species. The hemagglutinin (HA) protein is the primary target of protective immune responses and the major component in swine ...
A. L. Vincent +58 more
core +2 more sources
Different serological cross-reactivity of Trypanosoma rangeli forms in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected patients sera [PDF]
, 2008 Background American Trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi which currently infects approximately 16 million people in the Americas causing high morbidity and mortality.
de Moraes, Milene H. +7 more
core +3 more sources
Complete nucleotide sequence of the influenza B/Singapore/222/79 virus hemagglutinin gene and comparison with the B/Lee/40 Hemagglutinin [PDF]
, 1983 The complete nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the human type B influenza virus B/Singapore/222/79 is presented. Comparison with the only other known sequence of a B hemagglutinin (B/Lee/40) shows that antigenic drift in type B HA ...
Fiers, Walter +4 more
core +3 more sources