Results 1 to 10 of about 22,801 (243)

Evaluating the Potential for Cross-Interactions of Antitoxins in Type II TA Systems

Toxins, 2020
The diversity of Type-II toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems in bacterial genomes requires tightly controlled interaction specificity to ensure protection of the cell, and potentially to limit cross-talk between toxin–antitoxin pairs of the same family of TA ...
Chih-Han Tu, Michelle Holt, Shengfeng Ruan, Christina Bourne   +3 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Passive Immunisation in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases Related to Highly Potent Bacterial Toxins [PDF]

Biomedicines
The discovery of microbial toxins as the primary factors responsible for disease manifestations and the discovery that these toxins could be neutralised by antitoxins are linked to the birth of immunology. In the late 19th century, the serum or plasma of
Marta Prygiel, Ewa Mosiej, Karol Wdowiak, Aleksandra Anna Zasada   +3 more
doaj   +2 more sources

sRNA Antitoxins: More than One Way to Repress a Toxin

Toxins, 2014
Bacterial toxin-antitoxin loci consist of two genes: one encodes a potentially toxic protein, and the second, an antitoxin to repress its function or expression. The antitoxin can either be an RNA or a protein.
Jia Wen, Elizabeth M. Fozo
doaj   +2 more sources

Novel type II toxin-antitoxin systems with VapD-like proteins [PDF]

mBio
Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in prokaryotes. They consist of neighboring genes encoding two small proteins: a toxin that inhibits a critical cellular process and an antitoxin that binds to and neutralizes the toxin.
Konstantin Gilep, Dmitry Bikmetov, Aleksandr Popov, Anastasiia Rusanova, Shunsuke Tagami, Svetlana Dubiley, Konstantin Severinov   +6 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Bioinformatic exploration reveals features of tenpIN family of type III toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria and viruses [PDF]

Scientific Reports
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in bacteria consist of two genes: one encoding a toxin that inhibits essential cellular processes and the other encoding an antitoxin that neutralizes the toxin under homeostatic conditions.
Kavyashree Nadig, Sankaran Sandhya, Mahavir Singh   +2 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Keeping the wolves at bay: antitoxins of prokaryotic type II toxin-antitoxin systems

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 2016
In their initial stages of discovery, prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems were confined to bacterial plasmids where they function to mediate the maintenance and stability of usually low- to medium-copy number plasmids through the post-segregational ...
Wai Ting eChan, Manuel eEspinosa, Chew Chieng eYeo   +2 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Development of an Innovative in Vitro Potency Assay for Anti-Botulinum Antitoxins

Toxins, 2016
Botulinum neurotoxins are bacterial proteins that cause botulism, a life-threatening disease. Therapy relies mostly on post-intoxication antibody treatment. The only accepted method to measure the potency of, and to approve, antitoxin preparations is the
Osnat Rosen, Eyal Ozeri, Ada Barnea, Alon Ben David, Ran Zichel   +4 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Toxinome—the bacterial protein toxin database [PDF]

mBio
Protein toxins are key molecular weapons in biology that are used to attack neighboring cells. Bacteria use protein toxins to kill or inhibit the growth of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells using various modes of action that target essential cellular ...
Aleks Danov, Ofir Segev, Avi Bograd, Yedidya Ben Eliyahu, Noam Dotan, Tommy Kaplan, Asaf Levy   +6 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Quality of horse F(ab’)2 antitoxins and anti-rabies immunoglobulins: protein content and anticomplementary activity

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 2018
Background Among other applications, immunotherapy is used for the post-exposure treatment and/or prophylaxis of important infectious diseases, such as botulism, diphtheria, tetanus and rabies.
Carla Cristina Squaiella-Baptistão, Fábio Carlos Magnoli, José Roberto Marcelino, Osvaldo Augusto Sant’Anna, Denise V. Tambourgi   +4 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Antibody-based alternatives to animal testing for toxin detection and antitoxin evaluation [PDF]

Frontiers in Toxicology
Animal experiments have long played a central role in biomedical research and toxicology, yet their limitations in translational accuracy and ethical concerns have intensified the demand for reliable alternatives.
Seo-Hyuk Chang, Jieun Jang, Jieun Jang, Wonjun Yang, Nam-Kyung Lee, Seoyeon Choi, Seoyeon Choi, Hyo-Il Jung, Hyo-Il Jung, Hyo-Il Jung, Wantae Kim, Boksik Cha, Sung-Jin Yoon, Sung-Jin Yoon, Ji-Yoon Noh, Ji-Yoon Noh, Jangwook Lee, Jangwook Lee   +17 more
doaj   +2 more sources