Results 61 to 70 of about 194,703 (370)

Regulation of beta-amyloid production in neurons by astrocyte-derived cholesterol

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020
Significance The accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain appears to be a necessary event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, processes linked to the endogenous regulation of Aβ production are still not completely understood ...
Hao Wang, Joshua A. Kulas, Chao Wang, D. Holtzman, H. Ferris, S. Hansen   +5 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Astrocyte-derived interleukin-33 promotes microglial synapse engulfment and neural circuit development

Science, 2018
Call to action The developing brain initially makes more synapses than it needs. With further development, excess synapses are pruned away, leaving mature circuits. Synapses can be eliminated by microglia, which engulf and destroy them. Vainchtein et al.
I. Vainchtein, Gregory Chin, Frances S. Cho, Kevin W. Kelley, John G. Miller, Elliott C. Chien, SA Liddelow, Phi T. Nguyen, Hiromi Nakao-Inoue, Leah C. Dorman, O. Akil, S. Joshita, B. Barres, J. Paz, Ari B. Molofsky, A. Molofsky   +15 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Type I interferons and microbial metabolites of tryptophan modulate astrocyte activity and CNS inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Nature Network Boston, 2016
Astrocytes have important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) during health and disease. Through genome-wide analyses we detected a transcriptional response to type I interferons (IFN-Is) in astrocytes during experimental CNS autoimmunity and also ...
V. Rothhammer, I. Mascanfroni, L. Bunse, M. Takenaka, Jessica E. Kenison, L. Mayo, C. Chao, B. Patel, Raymond Yan, M. Blain, Jorge I Alvarez, Hania Kebir, N. Anandasabapathy, G. Izquierdo, Steffen Jung, N. Obholzer, N. Pochet, C. Clish, M. Prinz, A. Prat, J. Antel, F. Quintana   +21 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Enduring alterations in hippocampal astrocytesynaptic proximity following adolescent alcohol exposure: reversal by gabapentin

Neural Regeneration Research, 2020
Adolescent alcohol abuse is a substantive public health problem that has been the subject of intensive study in recent years. Despite reports of a wide range of effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure on brain and behavior, little is ...
Kati L Healey, Sandra Kibble, Sierra Hodges, Kathryn J Reissner, Anze Testen, Tiffany A Wills, Shawn K Acheson, Benjamin M Siemsen, John A McFaddin, Michael D Scofield, H Scott Swartzwelder   +10 more
doaj   +1 more source

Astrocytic gliotransmission as a pathway for stable stimulation of post-synaptic spiking: Implications for working memory [PDF]

arXiv, 2023
The brain consists not only of neurons but also of non-neuronal cells, including astrocytes. Recent discoveries in neuroscience suggest that astrocytes directly regulate neuronal activity by releasing gliotransmitters such as glutamate. In this paper, we consider a biologically plausible mathematical model of a tripartite neuron-astrocyte network.
arxiv  

Astrocyte-induced positive integrated information in neuroglial ensembles [PDF]

Phys. Rev. E 99, 012418 (2019), 2018
The Integrated Information is a quantitative measure from information theory how tightly all parts of a system are interconnected in terms of information exchange. In this study we show that astrocyte, playing an important role in regulation of information transmission between neurons, may contribute to a generation of positive Integrated Information ...
arxiv   +1 more source

A Non-Canonical Role for IRE1α Links ER and Mitochondria as Key Regulators of Astrocyte Dysfunction: Implications in Methamphetamine use and HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2022
Astrocytes are one of the most numerous glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and provide essential support to neurons to ensure CNS health and function.
Jessica Proulx, Satomi Stacy, In-Woo Park, Kathleen Borgmann   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Carcinoma-astrocyte gap junctions promote brain metastasis by cGAMP transfer

Nature, 2016
Brain metastasis represents a substantial source of morbidity and mortality in various cancers, and is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapy.
Qing Chen, A. Boire, Xin Jin, M. Valiente, E. E. Er, A. López-Soto, Leni S. Jacob, R. Patwa, Hardik Shah, Ke Xu, J. Cross, J. Massagué   +11 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Astrocyte Heterogeneity: Impact to Brain Aging and Disease

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2019
Astrocytes, one of the largest glial cell population in the central nervous system (CNS), play a key function in several events of brain development and function, such as synapse formation and function, control of neurotransmitters release and uptake ...
Isadora Matias, Juliana Morgado, F. Gomes   +2 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Mitochondrial dynamics in astrocytes [PDF]

Biochemical Society Transactions, 2014
Astrocytes exhibit cellular excitability through variations in their intracellular calcium (Ca2+) levels in response to synaptic activity. Astrocyte Ca2+ elevations can trigger the release of neuroactive substances that can modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity, hence promoting bidirectional communication with neurons.
Stephen, TL, Gupta-Agarwal, S, Kittler, JT   +2 more
openaire   +4 more sources