Results 81 to 90 of about 181,113 (262)

Astrocyte remodeling without gliosis precedes optic nerve axonopathy

Acta Neuropathologica Communications, 2018
Astroyctes serve myriad functions but are especially critical in white matter tracts, where energy-demanding axons propagate action potentials great distances between neurons.
Melissa L. Cooper, John W. Collyer, David J. Calkins   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Fluoxetine inhibited the activation of A1 reactive astrocyte in a mouse model of major depressive disorder through astrocytic 5-HT2BR/β-arrestin2 pathway

Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2022
Background Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been reported to directly bind with 5-HT2B receptor (5-HT2BR), but the precise mechanisms, whereby fluoxetine confers the anti-depressive actions via 5-HT2BR is not fully understood ...
Yinquan Fang, Xiao Ding, Yihe Zhang, Lei Cai, Yuan Ge, Kaiyang Ma, Rong Xu, Shanshan Li, Mengmeng Song, Hong Zhu, Jiaqi Liu, Jianhua Ding, Ming Lu, Gang Hu   +13 more
doaj   +1 more source

A Non-Canonical Role for IRE1α Links ER and Mitochondria as Key Regulators of Astrocyte Dysfunction: Implications in Methamphetamine use and HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2022
Astrocytes are one of the most numerous glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and provide essential support to neurons to ensure CNS health and function.
Jessica Proulx, Satomi Stacy, In-Woo Park, Kathleen Borgmann   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Astrocytes as a mechanism for meta-plasticity and contextually-guided network function [PDF]

arXiv, 2023
Astrocytes are a ubiquitous and enigmatic type of non-neuronal cell and are found in the brain of all vertebrates. While traditionally viewed as being supportive of neurons, it is increasingly recognized that astrocytes may play a more direct and active role in brain function and neural computation.
arxiv  

A Cytotoxic, Co-operative Interaction Between Energy Deprivation and Glutamate Release From System x\u3csub\u3ec\u3c/sub\u3e\u3csup\u3e−\u3c/sup\u3e Mediates Aglycemic Neuronal Cell Death [PDF]

, 2015
The astrocyte cystine/glutamate antiporter (system xc−) contributes substantially to the excitotoxic neuronal cell death facilitated by glucose deprivation. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism by which this occurred.
He, Yan, Hewett, James A., Hewett, Sandra J., Jackman, Nicole A., Lobner, Doug, Thorn, Trista L.   +5 more
core   +1 more source

G protein-coupled receptor signalling in astrocytes in health and disease: A focus on metabotropic glutamate receptors [PDF]

, 2012
Work published over the past 10–15 years has caused the neuroscience community to engage in a process of constant re-evaluation of the roles of glial cells in the mammalian central nervous system.
Bradley, Sophie J., Challiss, R.A. John
core   +1 more source

Ultrastructural view of astrocyte-astrocyte and astrocyte-synapse contacts within the hippocampus [PDF]

, 2020
SummaryAstrocytes branch out and make contact at their interfaces. However, the ultrastructural interactions of astrocytes and astrocytes with their surroundings, including the spatial-location selectivity of astrocyte-synapse contacts, remain unknown. Here, the branching architecture of three neighboring astrocytes, their contact interfaces, and their
Emily P. Arzola, Min Zhou, Anne T. Taylor, Emily Benson, Elizabeth Gerviacio Camacho, Devin Mediratta, Yixing Du, Sydney Aten, Jeremy Patterson, Grahame J. Kidd, Kelsey A Collins, Conrad M. Kiyoshi, Ally M. Guiher, Merna Philip, David Terman   +14 more
openaire   +2 more sources

The Role of Astrocytes in Remyelination [PDF]

Trends in Neurosciences, 2020
Remyelination is the regeneration of myelin sheaths following demyelination. This regenerative process is critical for the re-establishment of axonal conduction velocity and metabolic support to the axons. Successful remyelination in the CNS generally depends on the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells ...
Rawji, Khalil S, Gonzalez Martinez, Ginez A, Sharma, Amar, Franklin, Robin JM   +3 more
openaire   +4 more sources

Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling modulates ovine fetal brain astrocytes transcriptome in response to endotoxin [PDF]

Front. Immunol. 2019, 2018
Neuroinflammation in utero may result in lifelong neurological disabilities. Astrocytes play a pivotal role, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. No early postnatal treatment strategies exist to enhance neuroprotective potential of astrocytes. We hypothesized that agonism on alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) in fetal astrocytes
arxiv   +1 more source

Morphological plasticity of astroglia: Understanding synaptic microenvironment [PDF]

, 2015
Memory formation in the brain is thought to rely on the remodeling of synaptic connections which eventually results in neural network rewiring. This remodeling is likely to involve ultrathin astroglial protrusions which often occur in the immediate ...
Heller, JP, Rusakov, DA
core   +1 more source